Biology A Module 3

What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?

• To provide energy for cellular processes

• To store genetic information

• To transport nutrients

• To catalyze chemical reactions

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Which of the following correctly differentiates between a chromosome and a chromatid?

• A chromosome is a single DNA molecule, while a chromatid is a pair of DNA molecules.

• A chromatid is a single DNA molecule, while a chromosome consists of two chromatids.

• A chromosome is found only in prokaryotic cells, while a chromatid is found in eukaryotic cells.

• A chromatid is a protein structure, while a chromosome is a lipid structure.

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Given the DNA strand 5'-ATCGGTA-3', what is the sequence of the complementary DNA strand?

• 5'-TAGCCAT-3'

• 3'-TAGCCAT-5'

• 5'-UAGCCAU-3'

• 3'-UAGCCAU-5'

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

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During transcription, what is the product formed from the DNA template?

• A complementary DNA strand

• A complementary RNA strand

• A protein

• A lipid

Which of the following best describes the process of translation?

• Conversion of DNA into RNA

• Conversion of RNA into DNA

• Synthesis of proteins from an RNA template

• Replication of DNA

Which stage of the cell cycle is primarily responsible for the replication of DNA?

• G1 phase

• S phase

• G2 phase

• M phase

How does mitosis contribute to the growth and maintenance of the body?

• By producing energy for cellular activities

• By creating genetic diversity

• By producing identical cells for tissue growth and repair

• By eliminating damaged cells

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What is a key difference between normal cellular division and cancerous cellular division?

• Normal cells divide uncontrollably, while cancerous cells divide in a controlled manner.

• Cancerous cells divide uncontrollably, while normal cells divide in a controlled manner.

• Normal cells do not undergo mitosis, while cancerous cells do.

• Cancerous cells do not undergo mitosis, while normal cells do.

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How do viruses differ from cells in terms of structure and function?

• Viruses have a nucleus, while cells do not.

• Cells can reproduce independently, while viruses require a host cell to replicate.

• Viruses can perform photosynthesis, while cells cannot.

• Cells lack genetic material, while viruses contain DNA or RNA.