Counter-Reformation and Protestant Reformation Concepts

What was the primary focus of Martin Luther's critique of the Catholic Church?

• The use of Latin in church services

• The sale of indulgences and church corruption

• The role of women in the church

• The architectural style of churches

What does the term 'iconoclasm' refer to in the context of the Protestant Reformation?

• The establishment of new Protestant churches

• The creation of new religious images

• The destruction of religious images

• The translation of the Bible into vernacular languages

What was the main goal of the Council of Trent?

• To reconcile with the Protestants

• To create a new Bible

• To establish a new branch of Christianity

• To abolish the use of Latin in church services

Which doctrine did the Catholic Church reaffirm at the Council of Trent?

• The denial of transubstantiation

• The abolition of the priesthood

• The importance of good works in salvation

• The rejection of purgatory

Why did the Catholic Church emphasize the use of religious images after the Council of Trent?

• To educate and inspire the faithful

• To decorate churches lavishly

• To compete with Protestant art

• To replace written scripture

What was one of the key roles of art according to the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation?

• To instruct and confirm faith

• To act as a political tool

• To replace traditional sermons

• To serve as a form of entertainment

What was the purpose of the Jesuit Order founded during the Counter-Reformation?

• To translate the Bible into Latin

• To reform the Catholic liturgy

• To spread Catholic teachings worldwide

• To promote Protestantism

What was the Index of Forbidden Books?

• A directory of Catholic saints

• A catalog of religious art

• A collection of Protestant writings

• A list of books banned by the Catholic Church

How did the Protestant Reformation influence modern thought?

• By abolishing religious practices

• By establishing a new monarchy

• By encouraging individual conscience over authority

• By promoting a single religious authority

What was a significant long-term effect of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation on Europe?

• The creation of a single European language

• The end of religious conflicts in Europe

• The division of Europe into predominantly Catholic and Protestant regions

• The unification of all European countries under one religion