Biology Unit 2 Quiz

What are enzymes?

• Electron carriers that travel through protein to protein in the electron transport chain

• Enzymes turn glucose into energy for our bodies to use

• Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

• Type of non polar proteins that are used to aid in the photosynthesis process

What are the differences and similarities between catabolism and anabolism?

• Differences: Catabolism turns protein into glucose, anabolism turns glucose into lipids

  Similarities: Both are macromolecules

• Differences: Catabolism turns polymers into monomers, anabolism combines a simple molecule to create a complex molecule

  Similarities: They both use enzymes

• Differences: Anabolism is used in cellular respiration, catabolism is used in photosynthesis

  Similarities: They both transport energy to the mitochondria

• Differences: Catabolism is energy from the sun, anabolism is energy from food

  Similarities: Both contain 34 ATP

What determines enzyme specificity?

• Shape and amino acid interactions

• Temperature and pH of their environment

• How many ATP molecules the substrate has and how many the enzyme has

• How many electrons the substrate has and how many the enzyme has

What is competitive inhibition?

• When glycerol is blocked from turning into hydrogen during photosynthesis

• When a virus can’t fit into its host cell due to the host cell enzyme being shut off

• When the inhibitor and the substrate are competing for the same spot on an enzyme

• When the active site on the enzyme is non-polar

What is non competitive inhibition?

• When homeostasis isn’t maintained in plants

• When our bodies don’t have enough glucose so our muscles start to deteriorate

• When photosynthesis doesn’t have enough sunlight to complete the process

• When the inhibitor binds somewhere other than the active site on an enzyme

What is an endothermic reaction?

• A reaction that absorbs energy

• A type of combustion reaction

• A type of virus that goes straight into our brains instead of our bloodstream

• A reaction that releases heat

What is an exothermic reaction?

• The reaction that occurs when ATP synthase is spun into ATP during the final step of cellular respiration

• A reaction that requires heat from the outside

• A reaction that releases energy

• A reaction that does not require external heat, takes heat from the inside

Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site.  What is this called?

• reusable
• catalyst
• specific
• fragile

What changes in environment can cause the shape of an enzyme to change? How does this affect the chemical reaction the enzyme was a part of?

• A virus could infect the enzyme, turning it from an endothermic reaction to an exothermic reaction

• An enzyme could be injected with protein from the bloodstream, causing it to be extra strong and speed up the chemical reaction

• Enzymes are disabled without the proper amount of ATP required for them to complete chemical reactions.

• Enzymes could change shape if there’s a pH or temperature shift in their environment. This would disable the enzyme and prevent the chemical reaction from completing.