Which of the following should be asked FIRST when assessing a patient who presents with a red eye?

• How long have you had the redness?

• Do you wear contact lenses

• Is the redness associated with any discharge

• Have you experienced any trauma to the eye

A 50-year-old diabetic patient presents with blurry vision and reports no pain. What question would be most helpful to assess if diabetic retinopathy is the cause?

• Do you have high blood pressure?

• Are you on any maintenance medications?

• How well is your blood sugar control?

• Do you have a family history of eye disease?

A 60-year-old man reports seeing halos around lights and difficulty seeing at night. Which additional question would help differentiate between cataracts and glaucoma?

• Do you have a family history of eye problems?

• Have you had any recent changes in your prescription glasses?

• Do you feel any eye pain or pressure?

• Do you experience double vision?

A patient's visual acuity is recorded as 20/40. What does this notation mean?

• The patient can see at 40 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 20 feet.

• The patient can see at 20 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 40 feet.

• The patient can see at 40 feet what a person with normal vision can see at 40 feet.

• The patient has vision twice as good as normal vision.

If a patient is unable to read the largest letter on the Snellen chart at 20 feet, what is the next appropriate step in assessing their vision?

• Move the patient closer to the chart.

• Perform a pinhole test.

• Use the Jaeger chart for near vision instead.

• Test for color vision using the Ishihara plates.

What is the correct procedure for testing visual acuity in a patient with glasses or contact lenses?

• Test each eye individually without correction, then with correction.

• Test both eyes together without correction.

• Test each eye individually with correction, then without correction.

• Test only with correction.

When performing a visual acuity test in a child, what is an appropriate action if the child is uncooperative or unable to focus on the chart?

• Use a lower-resolution chart.

• Perform a visual assessment using light reflex testing.

• Use the Snellen chart at a shorter distance.

• Stop the test and assume the child has poor vision.

Which of the following is the correct method for recording near visual acuity using a Jaeger chart?

• Record the distance at which the patient reads the smallest line of text.

• Record the fraction, similar to a Snellen chart.

• Use the J scale and record the smallest line number the patient can read.

• Use the pinhole to record near visual acuity.

Which of the following is assessed during the external inspection of the eye in a gross examination?

• Visual acuity

• Pupil reaction to light

• Eyelid position and symmetry

• Red reflex

Which of the following would be considered a normal finding in a gross eye examination?

• Mild ptosis

• Conjunctival pallor

• Clear cornea with no opacities

• Constricted pupils in dim light