Unit 2.1 Review

What is one reason that some Italian city-states such as Venice, Milan, and Naples grew into major commercial centers during the 13th and 14th centuries?

• Their isolation from other regions.
• Their geographic location location for trade.

• Their lack of natural resources.
• Their focus on agriculture instead of trade.

Which of the following statements best describes the architectural style that developed during the Renaissance?

• The Renaissance architectural style is characterized by the use of Gothic elements and verticality.
• The architectural style of the Renaissance was defined by a complete rejection of classical influences.
• Renaissance architecture was influenced by various Classical architecture styles from the Mediterranean Sea region.

• Renaissance architecture primarily focused on ornate decorations and asymmetry.

Which of the following was an effect of Johannes Gutenberg’s printing press on Western Europe?

• Europeans were exposed to new ideas about religious and secular thought.

• A decline in the use of the Latin language.
• Increased censorship and control over ideas.
• Decreased availability of books and information.

 How did the School of Athens reflect the development of humanism?

•  It blended Greek and Roman cultures, as evidenced by the philosophers at the center of the background, with secular subjects.

• The artwork depicts only contemporary figures without historical context.
• It disregards classical knowledge and promotes modern science.
• The School of Athens focuses solely on religious themes.

How did the Protestant Reformation contribute to the development of the Scientific Revolution?

• The Protestant Reformation supported independent thought on spiritual matters which led to independent thought on scientific matters.

• The Protestant Reformation discouraged scientific inquiry and promoted superstition.
• The Protestant Reformation had no impact on the Scientific Revolution whatsoever.
• The Protestant Reformation focused solely on religious practices without influencing intellectual thought.

What was the effect of Copernicus’s theory of the universe?

• It had no impact on scientific thought.
• It confirmed the geocentric model of the universe.
• It was widely accepted without controversy.
• It challenged the medieval Catholic Church’s stance that the earth was the center of the universe.

 Which of the following statements describes Erasmus’s criticism of the Catholic Church?

• Erasmus believed the Church was perfect and needed no changes.
• The pope corrupted the Catholic Church by going against church teachings and by abusing his power.

• Erasmus focused solely on the theological aspects of Christianity.
• Erasmus praised the Church for its integrity.

 Which of the following statements describes the effect of the Reformation on Europe?

• The Reformation led to the establishment of a single Catholic Church in Europe.
• The development of new religious sects divided the populations between some countries.

• The Reformation had no significant impact on European politics.
• The Reformation unified all Christian denominations in Europe.

How did the Catholic Church respond to the Protestant Reformation?

• The Catholic Church supported the Protestant leaders.
• The Catholic Church ignored the Reformation entirely.
• The Council of Trent was formed to reaffirm Catholic beliefs and end abuses in the Catholic Church in order to challenge the spread of Protestantism.

• The Catholic Church embraced the Reformation.

Which individual contributed to the development of the Scientific Method?

• Isaac Newton
• Albert Einstein
• Galileo Galilei
•  René Descartes