APUSH/Amsco - 3.2 The Seven Years War

In ______________ (1689–1697), the British launched expeditions to capture Quebec from the French, but they failed. American Indians supported by the French burned British frontier settlements.

• King William’s War

• Queen Anne's War

• the French and Indian War

• the Seven Years War

In ____________ (1702–1713), the British had more success. They gained both Nova Scotia from France and trading rights in Spanish America.

• King William's War

• King George's War

• Queen Anne's War

• The French and Indian War

______________ (1744–1748) was named for George II. New Englanders captured Louisbourg in Canada, a major French fortress on Cape Breton Island that controlled access to the St. Lawrence River. In the peace treaty ending the war, however, Britain returned Louisbourg to the French in exchange for political and economic gains in India. New Englanders were furious about the loss of a fort that they had fought so hard to win.

• King William's War

• Queen Anne's War

• King George's War

• The French and Indian War

The final war in this series was known in Europe as the Seven Years’ War. The North American phase of this war is often called ________________ It began in 1754 and ended in 1763.

• The War of British Succession

• King William's War

• King George's War

• The French and Indian War

From the British point of view, the French provoked the war by building a chain of forts in the ________________. One reason the French did so was to halt the westward growth of the British colonies. Hoping to stop the French from completing work on Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh), the governor of Virginia sent a small militia (armed force) under the command of a young colonel named George Washington. After gaining a small initial victory, Washington’s troops surrendered to a superior force of Frenchmen and their American Indian allies on July 3, 1754. With this military encounter in the wilderness, the final war for empire began.

• Cape Fear River Valley

• Ohio River Valley

• Hudson River Valley

• Mississippi River Valley

Recognizing the need for coordinating colonial defense, the British government had called for representatives from several colonies to meet in a congress at Albany, New York, in 1754. The delegates from seven colonies adopted an agreement known as the ____________________. Developed by Benjamin Franklin, it provided for an intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from the various colonies for their common defense.

• Albany Plan of Union

• Continental Congress

• Stamp Act Congress

• Committees of Correspondence

After British victories, the European powers negotiated a peace treaty, the _________________in 1763. Great Britain acquired both French Canada and Spanish Florida. In compensation for Spain’s loss of Florida, France ceded (gave up) to Spain its huge territory west of the Mississippi River known as Louisiana. With this treaty, the British extended their control of North America, and French power on the continent virtually ended.

• Treaty of Wales

• Treaty of Paris

• Treaty of 1763

• Treaty of Ghent

Immediate effects of the Seven Years War/French and Indian War include

• It gave Great Britain unchallenged supremacy among Europeans in North America.

• It challenged the autonomy of many American Indians.

• It established the British as the dominant naval power in the world.

• It meant that the American colonies no longer faced the threat of concerted attacks from the French, the Spanish, and their American Indian allies.

• all of the above

The first major test of the new British imperial policy came in 1763 involving a Native American attack against colonial settlements on the western frontier. The American Indians were angered by the growing westward movement of European settlers onto their land and by the British refusal to offer gifts as the French had done. The alliance of American Indians in the Ohio River Valley destroyed forts and settlements from New York to Virginia. Rather than relying on colonial forces to retaliate, the British sent regular British troops to put down the uprising. This event came to be known as

• Bacon's Rebellion

• King Phillip's War

• The Pueblo Revolt

• Pontiac's Rebellion

In an effort to stabilize the western frontier, the British government passed ________________ which prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. The British hoped that limiting settlements would prevent future hostilities between colonists and American Indians. But the colonists reacted with anger and defiance. After the British victory in the Seven Years’ War, colonists hoped to reap benefits in the form of access to western lands. For the British to deny such benefits was infuriating. Defying the measure, thousands streamed westward past the imaginary boundary line drawn by the British.

• The Coercive Acts

• The Proclamation of 1763

• The Tea Act

• The Proclamation of 1776