4.2 Energy Flow in Ecosystems

What is the primary direction of energy flow in an ecosystem?

• From consumers to producers

• From producers to consumers

• In a circular motion

• From decomposers to producers

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In a food web, energy and matter move through more complex relationships than a single food chain. Fill in the blank: A food web is a network of _______ through which matter and energy move.

• A) feeding interactions

• B) energy cycles

• C) decomposer activities

• D) nutrient flows

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following statements is true about ecological pyramids?

• They show the number of organisms at each trophic level.

• They depict the energy flow in a food web.

• They illustrate the relative amount of energy or matter within each trophic level.

• They are used to predict environmental changes.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

In a pyramid of energy, only a small fraction of energy stored in a trophic level is available for organisms at the next trophic level. Fill in the blank: Energy is lost as _______ as a byproduct of life processes.

• light

• sound

• heat

• motion

What is the typical percentage of energy transfer from one trophic level to the next in a food chain?

• 5%

• 10%

• 15%

• 20%

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Complete the Pyramid of Energy diagram by identifying the trophic levels and the amount of energy available at each level.

• A) Producers - 100%, Primary Consumers - 10%, Secondary Consumers - 1%, Tertiary Consumers - 0.1%

• B) Producers - 90%, Primary Consumers - 9%, Secondary Consumers - 0.9%, Tertiary Consumers - 0.09%

• C) Producers - 80%, Primary Consumers - 8%, Secondary Consumers - 0.8%, Tertiary Consumers - 0.08%

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following is the correct order of trophic levels in a food web energy pyramid from bottom to top?

• A) Producers, Primary Consumers, Secondary Consumers, Tertiary Consumers

• B) Tertiary Consumers, Secondary Consumers, Primary Consumers, Producers

• C) Primary Consumers, Producers, Tertiary Consumers, Secondary Consumers

• D) Secondary Consumers, Tertiary Consumers, Producers, Primary Consumers

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Fill in the blank: In a food web energy pyramid, _______ are at the base and provide energy for all other levels.

• A) Primary Consumers

• B) Producers

• C) Secondary Consumers

• D) Tertiary Consumers

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Which of the following is NOT a factor that ecologists study to understand populations?

• Geographic range

• Growth rate

• Color of the species

• Density and distribution.

Complete the sentence: The growth rate of a population is positive when the population is ____. A) Decreasing B) Remaining the same C) Increasing.

• Decreasing

• Remaining the same

• Increasing

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5