What luxury commodities were in high demand in Europe but could only be acquired from Asia?

• Silk and spices

• Gold and silver

• Wool and cotton

• Iron and copper

What two groups held a monopoly control on the overland trade to Europe in goods from Asia?

• The Muslim empires and the Italian city-states

• The Mongol Empire and the Chinese dynasties

• The Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire

• The Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire

What happens to prices when demand is high, but supply is low?

• Prices increase

• Prices decrease

• Prices remain the same

• Prices fluctuate randomly

Religious beliefs played a role in the rationale of European exploration by:

• Encouraging the spread of Christianity

• Promoting scientific research

• Fostering economic trade

• Supporting local cultures

The Muslim empire putting the most pressure on Christian Europe was:

• Ottoman Empire

• Mughal Empire

• Safavid Empire

• Abbasid Caliphate

Who were three religious reformers that had created problems for the Catholic Church?

• Martin Luther, John Hus, John Wycliffe

• Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein

• Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael

• Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan, and Vasco da Gama

The political structure of Europe in the early modern era led to competition for overseas exploration because:

• European nations were unified under a single government.

• There was a lack of interest in overseas territories.

• Rivalries and fragmented political entities encouraged exploration.

• Europe had no resources to support exploration.

What European nation led the early stages of the exploration era?

• Spain

• Portugal

• France

• England

This explorer, working for Portugal, made the first successful voyage to India.

• Christopher Columbus

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Vasco da Gama

• Amerigo Vespucci

Portugal built a different kind of “empire”. How is it different from traditional empires?

• It was a maritime empire focused on trade routes.

• It was a land-based empire with large territories.

• It was an empire based on cultural assimilation.

• It was an empire with a strong military presence.