Cybersecurity Formative Assessment

What is the main objective of encryption in cybersecurity?

• To increase system speed

• To protect data from unauthorised access

• To reduce the cost of storage

• To simplify network configurations

Answer explanation

The main objective of encryption in cybersecurity is to protect data from unauthorized access, ensuring that sensitive information remains confidential and secure from potential threats.

Which of the following is considered an internal threat?

• Phishing attacks

• Malware infections

• Employee sabotage

• Denial of Service (DoS) attacks

Answer explanation

Employee sabotage is an internal threat as it involves actions taken by individuals within the organization to harm its operations or reputation. In contrast, phishing, malware, and DoS attacks are typically external threats.

What does SQL injection target?

• Network routers

• Web applications

• Operating systems

• Personal devices

Answer explanation

SQL injection primarily targets web applications by exploiting vulnerabilities in their database interaction. Attackers can manipulate SQL queries to gain unauthorized access or manipulate data.

In the context of network types, what does WAN stand for?

• Wide Area Network

• Wireless Access Network

• Wired Access Network

• Web Application Network

Answer explanation

WAN stands for Wide Area Network, which refers to a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area, connecting multiple smaller networks. This distinguishes it from other options like Wireless Access Network.

Which of the following is a physical security measure?

• Anti-virus software

• Firewall configuration

• CCTV installation

• Data encryption

Answer explanation

CCTV installation is a physical security measure that involves using cameras to monitor and protect physical spaces. In contrast, anti-virus software, firewall configuration, and data encryption are all cybersecurity measures.

What is the purpose of a firewall in network security?

• To increase internet speed

• To block unwanted network traffic

• To store backup data

• To create user accounts

Answer explanation

A firewall's primary purpose is to block unwanted network traffic, acting as a barrier between trusted and untrusted networks. This helps protect systems from unauthorized access and potential threats.

Which type of malware replicates itself to spread to other computers?

• Trojan horse

• Worm

• Spyware

Answer explanation

A worm is a type of malware that can replicate itself and spread to other computers without user intervention. Unlike a Trojan horse, which disguises itself, or spyware, which collects information, worms actively propagate.

What does the 'CIA' in the CIA triad stand for in cybersecurity?

• Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability

• Confidentiality, Information, Access

• Control, Integrity, Access

• Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication

Answer explanation

The 'CIA' in the CIA triad stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. These three principles are fundamental to ensuring the security of information in cybersecurity.

What is the main purpose of a VPN (Virtual Private Network)?

• To increase bandwidth

• To provide secure remote access

• To reduce latency

• To enhance Wi-Fi range

Answer explanation

The main purpose of a VPN is to provide secure remote access to a private network, allowing users to connect safely over the internet. This ensures data privacy and security, which is not achieved by increasing bandwidth or reducing latency.

In a risk assessment matrix, what does a 'high' risk severity indicate?

• Low probability and low impact

• High probability and high impact

• Low probability and high impact

• High probability and low impact

Answer explanation

A 'high' risk severity indicates a situation where there is a high probability of occurrence and a high impact if it does occur. This means the risk poses a significant threat that needs to be addressed.