Jul Aripin saw a television advertisement for Yamaha Star Venture, a sports touring motorcycle, and wanted to test drive one. The advertisement is an example of a(n) _______ stimuli.

• direct

• external

• internal

• indirect

Pajura wants to buy a new cell phone. She asks her friends who are technologically savvy to recommend a good, lightweight phone that is easy to use. In this scenario, Pajura is obtaining information using a(n) _______.

• marketing-controlled information source

• internal information search

• non-marketing-controlled information source

• need recognition

Nilopa wants to purchase a new gaming laptop. She wants to compare two of the latest models of gaming laptops—with similar build, quality, and hardware specifications—from different manufacturers. Nilopa reads reviews of each product on reputable online forums before making her decision. In this scenario, Nilopa seeks data _______.

• from a marketing-controlled information source

• through her own knowledge

• from a non-marketing-controlled information source

• through an internal information search

Which of the following statements is true of post-purchase behaviour?

• Communication with consumers does not help in reducing cognitive dissonance.

• Marketers encourage customers to have doubts even after they purchase a product.

• Consumers expect certain outcomes from a product after making a purchase.

• Consumers tend to increase dissonance by justifying their purchase decision.

_______ is the most complex type of consumer buying decision and is associated with high involvement and high price of product.

• Limited decision making

• Routine response behavior

• Extensive decision making

• Low-involvement products

The social factors that affect the consumer decision journey include _______.

• lifestyle, personality, age, and family

• reference groups, opinion leaders, and family

• cultural values, subculture, and social class

• perception, motivation, beliefs, and attitudes

Harun Hazis has just joined a community composting project in Ossining, New York. He received information about the project from his friends and neighbours. Harun Hazis has always believed that food scraps are not trash but a valuable resource, so he made the decision to buy special containers and drop off his food scraps at the designated drop off park. This is an example of the _______ factors that influence the consumer decision journey.

• psychological

• social

• cultural

• Individual

_______ is the set of values, norms, attitudes, and other meaningful symbols that shape human behavior and the artifacts, or products, of that behavior as they are transmitted from one generation to the next.

• Loyalty

• Culture

• Consumerism

• Perceived value

Reference groups have one of the following implications.

• Their norms have no effect on consumer behavior.

• The effect on an individual's aspiration levels is minimal.

• They fail to serve as influence perceptions.

• They serve as information sources.

FitWear Inc., a sporting goods footwear and apparel company, features photographs of celebrities wearing its brand of clothing and sports gear. FitWear Inc. launched a commercial for its new line of football cleats. This commercial featured famous football stars because the company believes that celebrities can influence customers' buying decisions. In this case, the football stars served as _______.

• opinion leaders

• aspirational reference groups

• nonaspirational reference groups

• decision makers