THERMAL ENERGY TEST

A student places a metal spoon at room temperature in a cup of hot cocoa. Which is the best prediction for what happens to the temperature of the spoon and how energy is transferred?

• The spoon will get colder because thermal energy will be transferred from the spoon to the hot cocoa through conduction when particles collide.

• The spoon will get colder because thermal energy will be transferred from the spoon to the hot cocoa through convection when particles move.

• The spoon will heat up because thermal energy will be transferred from the hot cocoa to the spoon through conduction when particles collide.

• The spoon will heat up because thermal energy will be transferred between the hot cocoa and the spoon as radiation.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Marta wants to investigate how energy is transferred in the oceans. She has a tub filled with cold water and adds thermal energy to the bottom on one side. In order to determine how energy is transferred, she should measure the _____ of the water at different locations in the tub because thermal energy is transferred through __________. Which of the following terms best complete the paragraph?

• mass; radiation

• temperature; convection

• volume; conduction

• weight; radiation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

A student performed an investigation using a container of water with a heat source underneath. He measured the temperature of the water at various locations and created the model in the picture based on his results. Look at the image of their model. What do the arrows show?

• Convection currents. The particles in the liquid move freely, so when the liquid is heated, it rises, cools, and begins to sink again. This results in thermal energy transfer.

• Convection currents. The particles in the liquid touch other particles and cause thermal energy to be transferred without particle movement.

• Radiation. The particles in the liquid absorb energy and then release this energy in all directions.

• Conduction. The particles in the liquid move freely, so when it is heated they rise and then drop as they cool. This results in thermal energy transfer.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

José is investigating how color affects the transfer of thermal energy. He took three containers that were identical except for their color, and he put a thermometer inside each container. Then, he placed each container in front of a heat lamp. After 30 minutes, José checked the thermometers and found that each container had reached a different temperature. What do these results indicate about the way energy was transferred in each container?

• The different colors absorb the same amount of energy that is conducted from the heat lamp to the materials.

• The different colors absorb the same amount of radiation from the heat lamp.

• Only one color absorbs the different amounts of energy that is conducted from the heat lamp to the materials.

• The different colors absorb different amounts of radiation from the heat lamp.

A group of students is investigating how thermal energy is lost from a person’s body in cold weather. One student sits in a warm classroom for one hour and then sits outside on a cold winter day. Which of the following correctly pairs A, B, and C with the thermal energy transfer process and explains how the student’s thermal energy is lost during each one?

• A: Conduction - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the cold air.

  B: Convection - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the surrounding air.

  C: Radiation - Heat is emitted from the student's body to the environment.

• A: Convection - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the surrounding air.

  B: Radiation - Heat is emitted from the student's body to the environment.

  C: Conduction - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the cold air.

• A: Radiation - Heat is emitted from the student's body to the environment.

  B: Conduction - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the cold air.

  C: Convection - Heat is transferred from the student's body to the surrounding air.

Ivani wonders how a refrigerator stays cold inside. ANALYZE the illustration to determine which process helps in transferring thermal energy out of a refrigerator through the coils?

• Convection

• Conduction

• Radiation

• Evaporation

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

Lotti is enjoying a cup of hot chocolate outside on a cool day and wants to investigate how the 10°C air affects the temperature of her drink. She measures the temperature of the hot chocolate at different intervals until the temperature stops changing. Describe what is happening to thermal energy and what the resulting temperature of her drink is.

• Thermal energy moves from the air to the hot chocolate until the final temperature of the chocolate is 10°C.

• Thermal energy moves from the hot chocolate to the air until the final temperature of the chocolate is 5°C.

• Thermal energy moves from the air to the hot chocolate until the final temperature of the chocolate is 25°C.

• Thermal energy moves from the hot chocolate to the air until the final temperature of the chocolate is 10°C.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

A student is baking a cake at home. He mixes together all the ingredients and puts the batter into a hot oven. The batter _____ thermal energy until the batter and the air in the oven are the same _______. Once this occurs, _______ has been reached. Which of the terms best complete the paragraph?

• gains; state of matter; conduction

• gains; mass; conduction

• loses; mass; thermal energy

• loses; temperature; thermal equilibrium

• gains; temperature; thermal equilibrium

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

In which investigation will the liquids reach thermal equilibrium first, and why?

• Investigation A; Since the temperatures are closer together, less thermal energy will move from the warm water to the cool water. It will take less time to transfer less energy.

• Investigation A; Since the temperatures are closer together, less thermal energy will move from the cool water to the warm water. It will take less time to transfer less energy.

• Investigation B; Since the temperatures are farther apart, more thermal energy will move from the warm water to the cool water. It will take less time to transfer more energy.

• Investigation B; Since the temperatures are farther apart, less energy will move from the cool water to the warm water. It will take less time to transfer less energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Look at the image of the liquid and the block. What will happen when the block is placed into the liquid?

• Energy will transfer from the liquid to the block because thermal energy moves from warmer temperatures to cooler temperatures.

• Energy will transfer from the liquid to the block because thermal energy moves from more massive substances to less massive substances.

• Energy will transfer from the block to the liquid because thermal energy moves from cooler temperatures to warmer temperatures.

• Energy will transfer from the block to the liquid because thermal energy moves from more massive substances to less massive substances.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4