Congress has assigned federal court jurisdictions on the basis of

a. the number of lawyers in a state.

b. the number of cases filed in federal courts the previous year.

More than 97 percent of court cases in the United States are heard

a. by the United States Supreme Court.

When filing an appeal, an appellant usually must show

c. the trial court made a legal error in deciding the case.

a. the jury did not find a witness credible.

b. judicial review is unconstitutional.

d. interest groups are involved in the case.

Why has partisan conflict surrounded federal judicial appointments in recent years?

d. The federal courts play an increasingly important role in shaping American law and politics.

a. Members of Congress do not want the president to have so much power that he or she can place anyone he or she wants on the federal bench.

b. Public opinion has not been favorable toward most of the recent presidents’ nominees.

c. There have not been enough minority nominees, including women.

Verdicts rendered by the federal courts of appeals are

c. appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court about 15 percent of the time.

a. always appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

b. appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court about 80 percent of the time.

d. never appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

In the 2014 case of Riley v. California , the Supreme Court held that

c. the police cannot undertake a warrantless search of the digital contents of a cell phone.

a. corporations have free speech rights under the First Amendment.

b. state courts must provide legal counsel to defendants who could not afford their own attorneys.

d. the police can undertake a warrantless search of the digital contents of a cell phone if its officers believe there is probable cause.

How did the framers of the U.S. Constitution seek to insulate the federal judiciary from political pressures?

a. Federal judges under Article III of the Constitution are granted life tenure and their salaries while serving are fixed.

b. Federal judges under Article III are appointed and are not subject to removal through impeachment.

c. Federal judges under Article III were granted original jurisdiction over any cases they choose.

d. Federal judges under Article III are selected by a nonpartisan commission.

Which of the following statements best describes the confirmation process for Supreme Court nominees?

d. Intense partisan battles over Supreme Court appointments are a fairly recent phenomenon with many previous nominations sailing through the process with unanimous votes.

a. In confirmation hearings, senators are most concerned with a nominee’s experience on the bench and are not concerned with how they ruled on past issues.

b. Partisan battles over Supreme Court appointments have always been an issue, and most justices were confirmed with party-line votes.

c. The Senate confirmation process for Supreme Court nominees is seen as a formality since nearly all justices are unanimously supported.

Which of the following statements about the U.S. Supreme Court is true?

a. Fewer than 100 cases per year receive full-dress Supreme Court reviews.

c. The Supreme Court has some discretion over the cases it hears, but most cases must receive a ruling by the Supreme Court.

d. About 50 percent of the verdicts rendered by lower courts are appealed

The Supreme Court struck down state laws in the cases Brown v. Board of Education and Pavan v. Smith because the statutes in question

a. denied citizens equal protection of the law.

b. violated the separation of powers.

c. were too vague to be appropriately interpreted.

d. ceded too much power to the federal government.

How is the membership of the U.S. Supreme Court determined?

b. The U.S. Congress sets the number of Supreme Court justices.

a. Article III of the U.S. Constitution establishes the number of Supreme Court justices and their requirements.

c. The President establishes the number of Supreme Court justices.

d. The Supreme Court itself can establish how many justices serve.

Once the president has formally nominated an individual for a federal judgeship

c. the nominee must be confirmed by a majority vote in the full Senate.

a. the nominee is automatically appointed for life and can only be removed from office through impeachment.

b. the nominee must be confirmed by a unanimous vote in the full Senate.

d. the nominee is automatically appointed for a probationary term of five years.

Why do Supreme Court justices’ dissenting opinions matter?

a. Dissents can be written to appeal to lawyers to bring similar cases to the Court and can influence the future flow of cases and arguments.

b. Dissents, once released to the public, can convince justices on the other side to change their opinion.

c. Dissents usually convince state courts to rule in a particular manner in future cases.

d. Dissents typically have a considerable influence over public opinion on the issue.

A writ of habeas corpus declares that

a. the government must show a legal cause for holding someone in detention.

b. the government cannot send a defendant to stand trial in a geographically distant jurisdiction.

c. a defendant in a felony trial must receive assistance from legal counsel.

d. capital punishment can be neither cruel nor unusual.

Which of the following statements best characterizes how the Supreme Court reflects the diversity of society?

b. While the Supreme Court has become more representative of the American population (in terms of gender and race), the demographic composition of the federal judiciary does not reflect the population it serves.

a. The Supreme Court is a good representation of American society in terms of its gender, racial, and ethnic composition.

c. The Supreme Court is representative in terms of gender composition, but it underrepresents non-White population.

d. The Supreme Court is representative in terms of racial composition, but it underrepresents women.

Suppose a defendant is convicted at trial but believes that the judge made an error that impacted the decision. She would first ask her case be tried again at the ________. If she were to lose at that court, she could still try again, if her argument were accepted, at the ________.

c. court of appeals; supreme court

a. trial court; court of appeals

b. supreme court; court of appeals

d. court of appeals; trial court

In order for the Supreme Court to decide to grant certiorari,

c. four justices must vote in favor of certiorari.

a. all justices must vote unanimously in favor of certiorari.

b. the chief justice must vote in favor of certiorari.

d. the law clerks must vote unanimously in favor of certiorari.

What is the main function of the chief justice of the Supreme Court?

c. The chief justice presides over the Court’s public sessions and private conferences.

a. The chief justice decides what cases will be heard by the full Court each term.

b. The chief justice always writes the Court’s majority opinions.

d. The chief justice is the constitutional adviser to the president.

When nominating justices to the Supreme Court, presidents make an effort to

d. select justices who share their political philosophies.

a. select justices who are unpredictable.

b. select justices who used to work in Congress.

c. alternate between selecting a Republican and Democratic justice.

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c. Declaration of Independence.

d. Seventh Amendment of the Constitution.

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