The Legacy of the Crusade

What were the Crusades?

• The Crusades were a peaceful pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
• The Crusades were a series of trade expeditions to Asia.
• The Crusades were military campaigns to expand the Roman Empire.
• The Crusades were a series of religious wars launched by Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslims.

What has romanticized the story of the Crusades?

• Movies and TV shows

• Historians

• Sir Walter Scott

• Crusader soldiers

Initially, what was NOT a driving force behind the Crusades?

• Religion

• Political power

• Difference in religion

• European unity

What group made Christian pilgrimages to holy cities difficult?

• Crusaders
• Byzantine Empire
• Muslim groups, particularly the Seljuk Turks.
• Papal States

Who called for the first official Crusade?

• The Byzantines

• Pope Urban II
• King Richard the Lionheart
• Pope Gregory VII

What was one of Pope Urban II’s goals for the Crusades?

• To spread Christianity in Asia.
• To conquer the Byzantine Empire.
• To unite Europe and reclaim the Holy Land.

• To unite the Byzantine Empire.

What did the Crusades often focus on?

• The Crusades often focused on reclaiming Jerusalem and holy sites.
• Establishing trade routes to Asia.
• Converting indigenous populations to Christianity.
• Defending against Viking invasions.

Many people went on crusades to seek?

• safety

• riches

• war

• land

Most of the people who went on the crusade were from which section of society?

• Wealthy merchants and traders
• Clergy and religious leaders
• Nobility and royalty
• Lower and middle classes, including peasants and knights.

Most of the crusaders believed they were fighting for the kingdom of (a)