Infant & Child Development

Basic emotions

• are not evident in nonhuman primates

• are all present at birth

• have no evolutionary history of promoting survival

• Are universal in humans

When an unfamiliar adult picks up Louisa age 9 months, the baby begins to cry and struggles to get down. Louisa is exhibiting

• Stranger anxiety

• Avoidant attachment

• Insecure attachment

• separation fear

______ are examples of self-conscious emotions

• Anger and guilt

• Happiness and pride

• Shame and embarrassment

• Envy and sadness

Baby Dak quickly establishes regular routines is generally cheerful and adapts easily to new experiences. Dak would be classified by Thomas and Chess as

• Slow to warm up

• Uninhibited

• Difficult

• Easy

What statement about temperament is true?

• It refers to early appearing stable differences in reactivity and self regulation

• It refers to the intensity of cognitive behavior but not physical behavior.

• It describes differences in the behavior of young children but lacks practical application when describing the behavior of adults

• It is best understood as the result of genetic influences as opposed to environmental influences

______ involves creating child rearing environments that recognize each child's temperament while simultaneously encouraging adaptive functioning

• Goodness of fit

• Social referencing

• Emotional self regulation

• Effortful control

In the strange situation Juan uses his mother as a secure base. When she leaves the room Juan cries for a few mins. When she returns Juan seeks contact with her and then begins to explore toys once again. Juan is displaying characteristics of ______ attachment

• Avoidant

• Secure

• Disorganized/ disoriented

• Resistant

In John Bowlby's theory, newborns in the reattachment phase _____.

• Are wary of strangers

• Display separation anxiety when a familiar caregiver leaves

• Do not recognize their own mother's smell or voice

• Do not mind being left with an unfamiliar adult

True or False Strict parenting with little tolerance for misbehavior is especially effective for helping toddlers develop compliance and self control

• True

• False

Which of the following children when placed in front of a mirror is the most likely to respond to the appearance of a red dot on his or her nose by touching or rubbing his or her nose?

• Reggie a 10 month old

• Benita a 20 month old girl

• Alan a 14 month old boy

• Swoosi an 8th month girl