Hofstede's Work

What is Hofstede's primary focus in his research?

• • Language differences

• • Economic systems

• • Cultural dimensions

• • Political ideologies

Which dimension measures the degree of inequality in power distribution in a society?

• • Individualism vs. Collectivism

• • Power Distance

• • Masculinity vs. Femininity

• • Uncertainty Avoidance

In which dimension do cultures prioritize group goals over individual goals?

• • Individualism vs. Collectivism

• • Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation

• Indulgence vs. Restraint

• • Uncertainty Avoidance

Which dimension refers to the extent to which a culture values competition and achievement?

• • Masculinity vs. Femininity

• • Power Distance

• • Individualism vs. Collectivism

• • Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation

What does Uncertainty Avoidance measure?

• • Acceptance of ambiguity and uncertainty

• • Adherence to tradition

• Level of competitiveness

• • Distribution of power

Which dimension indicates the importance of long-term planning and persistence?

• • Individualism vs. Collectivism

• • Masculinity vs. Femininity

• • Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation

• • Indulgence vs. Restraint

In a culture characterized by high Power Distance, what is most likely?

• • Equal treatment among individuals

• • Hierarchical structures are accepted

• • Strong individual rights

• • Emphasis on consensus

Which dimension is concerned with the degree of control people feel they have over their lives?

• • Individualism vs. Collectivism

• • Uncertainty Avoidance

• • Power Distance

• • Masculinity vs. Femininity

Cultures with high Indulgence are characterized by:

• • Restraint of desires and impulses

• • A focus on strict social norms

• • Allowing gratification of basic and natural human desires

• • High levels of uncertainty avoidance

What does the Masculinity vs. Femininity dimension represent?

• • Gender roles in society

• • Preferences for achievement versus cooperation

• • Economic structures

• • Political affiliations