Understanding Muscle Anatomy and Function

What are the three types of muscle tissue found in the human body?

• Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth

• Voluntary, Involuntary, and Cardiac

• Striated, Non-striated, and Cardiac

• Fast-twitch, Slow-twitch, and Cardiac

Answer explanation

The three types of muscle tissue in the human body are Cardiac, Skeletal, and Smooth. Cardiac muscle is found in the heart, Skeletal muscle is attached to bones, and Smooth muscle is found in organs. This makes the first choice correct.

Which major muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the knee?

• Hamstrings

• Quadriceps

• Gluteals

• Calves

Answer explanation

The quadriceps are the major muscle group responsible for extending the knee. They are located at the front of the thigh and play a crucial role in movements like standing up, walking, and running.

Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.

• Actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the sarcomere.

• Myosin heads bind to actin, pulling the filaments apart.

• Calcium ions bind to myosin, causing it to contract.

• ATP is used to detach actin from myosin.

Answer explanation

The sliding filament theory describes how muscle contraction occurs when actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, leading to the shortening of the sarcomere, the basic unit of muscle contraction.

Differentiate between Type I and Type II muscle fibers in terms of function.

• Type I fibers are fast-twitch, while Type II fibers are slow-twitch.

• Type I fibers are slow-twitch and fatigue-resistant, while Type II fibers are fast-twitch and fatigue quickly.

• Type I fibers are anaerobic, while Type II fibers are aerobic.

• Type I fibers are found in the heart, while Type II fibers are found in the legs.

Answer explanation

Type I fibers are slow-twitch and designed for endurance, making them fatigue-resistant. In contrast, Type II fibers are fast-twitch, providing quick bursts of power but fatigue more rapidly.

What is the first step in the muscle repair process after an injury?

• Inflammation

• Remodeling

• Proliferation

• Regeneration

Answer explanation

The first step in muscle repair after an injury is inflammation. This process involves the body's immune response, which helps to clear out damaged cells and initiate healing.

Which method is commonly used to assess muscle strength?

• MRI Scan

• Electromyography (EMG)

• Manual Muscle Testing (MMT)

• X-ray

Answer explanation

Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) is a widely used method to assess muscle strength by evaluating the ability of a muscle to resist force. Other options like MRI and X-ray are imaging techniques, while EMG measures electrical activity.

Identify the type of joint that allows for the greatest range of motion.

• Hinge joint

• Ball-and-socket joint

• Pivot joint

• Saddle joint

Answer explanation

The ball-and-socket joint allows for the greatest range of motion, enabling movement in multiple directions. Examples include the shoulder and hip joints, which can rotate and move freely compared to other joint types.

Describe the role of cartilage in joints.

• Cartilage connects muscles to bones.

• Cartilage provides cushioning and reduces friction between bones.

• Cartilage stores minerals for bone growth.

• Cartilage produces red blood cells.

Answer explanation

Cartilage plays a crucial role in joints by providing cushioning and reducing friction between bones, allowing for smooth movement. This function is essential for joint health and mobility.

Explain how ligaments differ from tendons.

• Ligaments connect muscles to bones, while tendons connect bones to bones.

• Ligaments connect bones to bones, while tendons connect muscles to bones.

• Ligaments are more elastic than tendons.

• Ligaments are found only in the spine, while tendons are found throughout the body.

Answer explanation

Ligaments connect bones to bones, providing stability to joints, while tendons connect muscles to bones, facilitating movement. This distinction is crucial for understanding their roles in the musculoskeletal system.

Which bone is known as the collarbone?

• Scapula

• Clavicle

• Sternum

• Humerus

Answer explanation

The clavicle is commonly known as the collarbone. It connects the arm to the body and is located above the first rib, making it easily identifiable.