Unit 4 AP Psychology

Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people

• Encode information efficiently, but they have a difficult time retrieving it for use on a given task

• Switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information associated with a task that is not receiving their attention

• Confuse information in long-term memory associated with the various tasks they are trying to perform

• Have heightened awareness of each task they are trying to perform, so it is difficult for them to ignore one task temporarily in order to complete another task

• Process information associated with the various tasks at a deep level, so they encode too much information to recall easily and therefore their performance deteriorates

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?

• The resting potential of neurons in the optic nerve

• Gestalt principles of closure and continuity

• The inverted and reversed image that a visual stimulus produces on the retina

• The opponent processing theory of vision

• The trichromatic theory of vision

On his first day of work at the bakery, Brad was nearly overwhelmed by the sweet odor of the baked goods. However, by lunchtime, he did not even notice the smell. This is an example of

• Retroactive inhibition

• Sensory adaptation

• Perceptual constancy

• Object permanence

• Absolute threshold

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This is explained by

• Top-down processing

• Bottom-up processing

• Parallel processing

• Retinal disparity

• Color constancy

When viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called

• Stroboscopic motion

• Motion parallax

• Motion constancy

• Linear perspective

• The Muller-Lyer illusion

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

• Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cones, optic nerve

• Bipolar cells, ganglion cells, rods and cones, optic nerve

• Optic nerve, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, rods and cons

• Rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve

• Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

Scott lost his vision at a young age. When he was much older, he received a corneal transplant that allowed him to see again. After so many years of not being able to see, he had a very difficult time interpreting visual information such as faces and expressions. His visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the

• Lens

• Optic chiasm

• Visual cortex

• Fovea

• Cornea

Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception? I. Opponent process II. Frequency III. Place

• I only

• II only

• I and II only

• II and III only

• I, II, III

Sensory adaptation refers to

• the process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural impulses.

• diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.

• the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

• changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects.

• increasing perception of a constant, annoying stimuli.

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of

• sensory adaptation.

• accommodation.

• parallel processing.

• transduction.

• sensory interaction.