Psych Unit 4 FA Dummy 1

The term "ingroup" refers to:

• Groups that are perceived as outsiders.

• Groups defined by shared identity.

• Groups that are inherently competitive.

• All individuals within a society.

When people engage in confirmation bias, they:

• Seek out evidence that contradicts their beliefs.

• Favor information that supports their existing beliefs.

• Evaluate all information impartially.

• Change their beliefs based on new evidence.

Scapegoat theory suggests that:

• Blame should be directed at the self.

• Negative emotions are often misdirected at outgroups.

• Conflict is inevitable between all groups.

• Problems are solved through collaboration.

The "perception gap" refers to:

• The inability to recognize bias.

• Overestimating the extremism of opposing groups.

• Accurately assessing group characteristics.

• A lack of stereotypes within society.

Social identity is defined as:

• An individual’s unique personality traits.

• The groups with which an individual identifies.

• An arbitrary classification of individuals.

• Beliefs that do not influence group dynamics.

The term "outgroup" is used to describe:

• Those perceived as similar to oneself.

• Groups that are different or apart from one's own.

• All members of society at large.

• Groups that share common characteristics.

A negative evaluation of a group often stems from:

• Unconscious biases and stereotypes.

• Accurate assessments of individual behavior.

• An equal representation of all groups.

• Positive reinforcement from societal norms.

Implicit Association Tests are used to:

• Measure conscious attitudes towards individuals.

• Assess unconscious group associations.

• Evaluate the effectiveness of group interventions.

• Identify explicit biases through direct questioning.

Prejudice can result in:

• Increased understanding between different groups.

• Greater solidarity within an ingroup.

• Equal treatment of all individuals.

• Reduced cognitive load when making decisions.

Flawed evaluations based on race are indicative of:

• Fair and objective assessment practices.

• Implicit bias impacting decision-making.

• Clear and unbiased academic standards.

• A thorough understanding of individual merit.