DNA and RNA Structure Vocabulary

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Antiparallel

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The arrangement of the two DNA strands running in opposite directions.

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Complementary base pairing rule

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The bases on opposite DNA strands always pair adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine.

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DNA

Back

The double helical molecule which is the genetic instructions for most organisms.

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Chromosome

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The structure found in the nucleus of eukaryote cells which is composed of coiled up DNA and proteins.

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Gene

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A discrete section of DNA which is the fundamental unit of inheritance.

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Nucleosomes

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A group of 8-9 histone proteins which have DNA coiled around them.

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Diagram of mRNA structure

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) transfers information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome.

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Diagram of purine structure

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Purines are nitrogenous bases with two rings.

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Diagram of rRNA structure

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is responsible for constructing the ribosome and allowing mRNA to attach during protein synthesis.

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Nucleotides

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consist of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.