Exploring Morality Concepts

What is utilitarianism?

• Utilitarianism is a philosophical approach that advocates for absolute moral rules regardless of consequences.

• Utilitarianism is a theory that prioritizes individual rights over collective well-being.

• Utilitarianism is a moral philosophy that focuses on maximizing overall happiness or utility.

• Utilitarianism is a form of government that emphasizes strict laws and regulations.

Describe deontological ethics.

• Deontological ethics prioritizes the consequences of actions over rules.

• Deontological ethics is a moral theory focused on rules and duties, asserting that actions are right or wrong based on adherence to these principles, not their outcomes.

• Deontological ethics is based on the belief that moral truths are subjective and vary by culture.

• Deontological ethics suggests that the ends always justify the means.

What is virtue ethics?

• Virtue ethics is a moral philosophy that emphasizes character and virtues in ethical decision-making.

• Virtue ethics is a form of utilitarianism that measures happiness.

• Virtue ethics is a theory that prioritizes consequences over character.

• Virtue ethics focuses solely on rules and laws.

Explain the concept of moral relativism.

• Moral relativism is the idea that morality is fixed and unchanging across all cultures.

• Moral relativism claims that moral truths are determined solely by religious beliefs.

• Moral relativism is the belief that morality is not universal and varies between cultures and individuals.

• Moral relativism asserts that all moral beliefs are equally valid regardless of context.

What is a moral dilemma?

• A moral dilemma is a situation where all choices are morally acceptable.

• A moral dilemma is a situation where a person must choose between two or more conflicting moral principles.

• A moral dilemma is a situation with no ethical implications.

• A moral dilemma is a choice between two equally good options.

Provide an example of a moral dilemma.

• A doctor must choose to save one critically ill patient or treat several others who are less urgent.

• A chef must decide whether to use a rare ingredient that could enhance a dish or stick to a more common one for cost reasons.

• A teacher must decide whether to give a student a passing grade for effort or for actual performance.

• A parent must choose between attending their child's graduation or a work conference that could lead to a promotion.

What is the difference between justice and fairness?

• Justice is only about legal punishment, while fairness is about rewards.

• Justice is a broader concept related to moral rightness and law, while fairness focuses on equality and impartiality in treatment.

• Justice applies only to individuals, while fairness applies to groups.

• Justice is subjective, whereas fairness is always objective.

How does distributive justice differ from retributive justice?

• Distributive justice emphasizes individual rights, while retributive justice prioritizes community needs.

• Distributive justice is about fair resource allocation, while retributive justice is about punishment for wrongdoing.

• Distributive justice focuses on punishing offenders, while retributive justice allocates resources.

• Distributive justice is concerned with legal penalties, whereas retributive justice deals with social welfare.

What role does empathy play in moral decision-making?

• Empathy is irrelevant to moral choices.

• Empathy plays a crucial role in moral decision-making by fostering understanding and compassion for others' experiences.

• Empathy leads to biased decision-making.

• Empathy only complicates moral reasoning.

What is the Trolley Problem?

• The Trolley Problem is a moral dilemma about whether to sacrifice one person to save five others.

• A story about a train conductor's journey.

• A scientific experiment on decision-making.

• A philosophical theory about utilitarianism.