Recap of Classifications of Schizophrenia

Which of the following symptoms is required for a diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the DSM-5?

• Hallucinations

• Delusions

• Disorganised Speech

• At least two of the above symptoms

How long must symptoms be present for a schizophrenia diagnosis in the DSM-5?

• 1 week

• 1 month

• 6 months

• 1 year

Which classification system is used primarily in Europe for diagnosing schizophrenia?

• DSM

• ICD

• APA

• WHO

In the ICD-11, which of the following symptoms must be present to diagnose schizophrenia?

• Auditory hallucinations only

• A single clear symptom, such as thought disorder or delusions

• Three or more negatives symptoms

• Continuous mood disturbance

Which of the following best defines "reliability" in the context of schizophrenia diagnosis?

• Consistency of diagnosis across different clinicians or times

• Accuracy in identifying only people with schizophrenia

• Ability to generalise the findings to the wider population

• Alignment with patient’s self-reported symptoms

What is a common concern about the validity of schizophrenia diagnosis?

• Clinicians often misinterpret symptoms as another disorder.

• Diagnosis methods may overlook physical health issues

• There is a lack of consistent symptoms among all patients.

• Schizophrenia may be underdiagnosed in specific populations.

Who proposed that the DSM and ICD diagnostic criteria are more often applied inconsistently between different countries?

• Reliability

• Co-Morbidity

• Symptomatology

• Prognosis

The term "predictive validity" in schizophrenia diagnosis refers to:

• Consistency of diagnosis over time

• Accuracy in predicting a patient’s future symptom course

• • Agreement between different diagnostic systems

• Ability to identify schizophrenia accurately in specific populations

The Rosenhan study famously questioned the validity of psychiatric diagnoses by showing that:

• Psychiatrists consistently over-diagnose schizophrenia.

• Schizophrenia symptoms are often missed by general practitioners.

• • Normal individuals could be diagnosed with schizophrenia after simulating symptoms.

• Diagnosis was entirely dependent on patient self-report.