HK#1

Which statement BEST explains how the idea of limited government originated with the Magna Carta?

• It stated the king had to follow the same laws as everyone else.

• It stated that the king had to meet regularly with Parliament.

• It stated that the power of the king was not absolute.

• It stated that the people had the right to petition the king.

Answer explanation

The statement "It stated that the power of the king was not absolute" best explains the idea of limited government from the Magna Carta, as it established that the king's authority was subject to law, limiting his power.

How did the Petition of Right challenge the concept of divine right theory?

• It stated that monarchs could no longer appoint bishops.

• It stated that monarchs had to get the consent of Parliament to levy new taxes.

• It stated monarchs had to obey the rule of law.

• It stated that monarchs had to perform religious rituals to prove their standing in the church.

Answer explanation

The Petition of Right challenged divine right theory by asserting that monarchs must obey the rule of law, limiting their absolute power and emphasizing that they are not above legal authority.

Which right was established by the Petition of Right?

• the right of the people to receive legal counsel in court cases.

• the right of the king to quarter soldiers in people's homes.

• the right of the people to petition the government.

• the right of the king to declare martial law.

Answer explanation

The Petition of Right established the right of the people to receive legal counsel in court cases, ensuring legal representation and protection against arbitrary actions by the king.

A member of the House of Representatives is accused of lying under oath while testifying in a trial in their home state. The local prosecutor charges the representative with perjury. Which constitutional principle is BEST demonstrated in this scenario?

• the separation of powers

• the rule of law

• limited government

• popular sovereignty

Answer explanation

The scenario illustrates the rule of law, as it shows that even a member of Congress is subject to legal accountability and must adhere to the law, reinforcing that no one is above the law.

Which TWO statements explain how the United States Constitution originally addressed a weakness of the Articles of Confederation?

• The Constitution gave Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce.

• The Constitution established a bicameral legislature and gave the federal government power to enforce its laws.

• The Constitution gave each state equal representation in the federal government.

• The Constitution gave the federal government power to ensure that states treat people equally.

• The Constitution gave each state the power to nullify laws passed by the federal government.

Answer explanation

The Constitution established a bicameral legislature, allowing for better law-making and enforcement, addressing the lack of federal power under the Articles. Equal representation ensured all states had a voice in the federal government.

Which concept from The Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes has influenced a concept found in the United States government?

• Certain rights, such as life, liberty, and property, cannot be taken away or surrendered.

• The government should have three branches with a system of checks and balances.

• The church should not have a role in the government and should not influence the government.

• A social contract exists between a king and his people, limiting the king's power.

Answer explanation

Hobbes' idea of a social contract emphasizes the separation of church and state, influencing the U.S. principle that religion should not interfere with government functions, ensuring a secular governance.

Which idea about government did Thomas Hobbes and John Locke share?

• The will of the people should control the actions of the government.

• Government is the result of a social contract to provide assurance

• Representative democracy is the ideal form of government.

• People have inalienable rights that government must respect.

Answer explanation

Both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke believed that government arises from a social contract, where individuals consent to form a government for protection and order, thus sharing the idea that government provides assurance.

Which BEST describes a point of disagreement between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists?

• the amount of the power of the national government

• the importance of balancing economic growth and individual rights.

• the continued existence of a national government

• the value of maintaining national independence

Answer explanation

The Federalists supported a strong national government, while the Anti-Federalists feared it would overpower states' rights. Thus, the amount of power of the national government was a key point of disagreement.

Consider the following Anti-Federalists' objections to the Constitution

not enough power is given to the individual states

the power to print money given to the national government

Which objection to the Constitution could be ADDED to complete the list?

• Smaller states are not given the same amount of power as large states

• the power to command a standing army is not clearly defined

• not enough provisions for new taxes

• no protection for individual civil liberties

Answer explanation

The Anti-Federalists were concerned about the lack of protections for individual civil liberties in the Constitution, making 'no protection for individual civil liberties' a fitting addition to their objections.

Which idea from John Locke can be found in the Declaration of Independence?

• Representatives in the government must be owners of property or business

• Direct democracy is the best form of government

• Three branches of government were needed for checks and balances of power.

• Governments must protect the natural rights of individuals.

Answer explanation

The Declaration of Independence reflects John Locke's idea that governments must protect the natural rights of individuals, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, which is a fundamental principle in Locke's philosophy.