Unit 4 and 5 Vocabulary - Mastery Activity - Biology 1 PLC

Adenine: One of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, pairs with (a)   in DNA.

• Thymine
• Guanine

• Cytosine

• Adenine

Answer explanation

Adenine pairs with Thymine in DNA, forming complementary base pairs. In RNA, adenine pairs with uracil instead. Therefore, the correct answer is Thymine.

What is the term for a non-cancerous growth?

• Malignant

• Benign

• Metastasis

• Carcinogen

Answer explanation

The term 'benign' refers to a non-cancerous growth, meaning it does not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. In contrast, 'malignant' indicates cancerous growth, while 'metastasis' refers to the spread of cancer.

What is a substance that can cause cancer called?

• Carcinogen

• Mutagen

• Toxin

• Allergen

Answer explanation

A substance that can cause cancer is called a carcinogen. Mutagens cause genetic mutations, toxins are harmful substances, and allergens trigger allergic reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is carcinogen.

Cytosine: One of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, pairs with (a)   .

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Cytosine

Answer explanation

Cytosine pairs with Guanine in DNA. This is a fundamental rule of base pairing, where Adenine pairs with Thymine, and Guanine pairs with Cytosine, ensuring the stability of the DNA structure.

What is the five-carbon sugar molecule in DNA called?

• Ribose

• Deoxyribose sugar

• Glucose

• Fructose

Answer explanation

The five-carbon sugar in DNA is called deoxyribose sugar. Unlike ribose, deoxyribose lacks one oxygen atom, which is crucial for the structure of DNA. Glucose and fructose are not components of DNA.

What is the enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix called?

• DNA polymerase

• DNA helicase

• RNA polymerase

• Ligase

Answer explanation

The enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix is called DNA helicase. It separates the two strands of DNA, allowing replication and transcription to occur, while DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase have different functions.

What is the enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA called?

• DNA helicase

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• Ligase

Answer explanation

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is called DNA polymerase. It synthesizes new DNA strands by adding complementary nucleotides during DNA replication.

What is the spiral shape formed by two strands of DNA called?

• Chromosome

• Double helix

• Complementary strand

• Lagging strand

Answer explanation

The spiral shape formed by two strands of DNA is called a double helix. This structure is essential for the stability and function of DNA, allowing it to store genetic information effectively.

Guanine: One of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, pairs with (a)   .

• Adenine

• Thymine

• Cytosine

• Guanine

Answer explanation

Guanine pairs with Cytosine in DNA. This pairing is crucial for the structure of the DNA double helix, where adenine pairs with thymine, and guanine pairs with cytosine, ensuring proper base pairing.

What is a cancerous growth that can invade and destroy tissue called? (a)  

• Benign

• Malignant
• Metastasis

• Carcinogen

Answer explanation

A cancerous growth that can invade and destroy tissue is called malignant. Unlike benign tumors, which do not spread, malignant tumors are aggressive and can metastasize, leading to further tissue damage.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1