3.4 APP

If you showed a 2-year-old a model of her bedroom where you had hidden a toy behind the bed, she would

• neither be able to find the toy in her model bedroom no in her own room

• be able to find the toy in the model but not in her actual room due to her lack of symbolic thinking

• understand that the model represented her room and be able to find the toy in her own room

• misunderstand the instructions due to her lack of theory in mind

Dr. T wants to conduct a study on the formal operational stage of development. Which of the following is an appropriate operational definition of the formal operational stage?

• reversing arithmetic operations

• using hypothetical situations as the basis of moral reasoning

• using symbolic thinking for pretend play

• understanding basic physics to recognize impossible situations

Dumbkid, a 4 year old child, comes into the room and tells his parent, "I broke it" without feeling the need to tell his parent what is broken because 4 year olds often

• lack an understanding of conservation

• cannot remember what was broken

• struggle with reversing operations

• are egocentric

Which of the following examples illustrates that a child understands conservation?

• she would continue to seek a toy hidden under a blanket

• she would "hide" in a game of hide-and-seek by covering her eyes with her hands

• she would believe that a clay snake would have the same amount of clay as the clay ball that was used to make it

• she would recognize that 7+3 involves the same mathematical relationship as 10-7

Which of the following is a current belief of researchers that differs from Piaget's original theories?

• the formal operational stage is narrower than Piaget believed

• object permanence develops earlier than Piaget believed

• infants learn more by verbal explanations than Piaget believed

• schemas do not form until later than Piaget believed

Ms Weirdname accurately taught her class about Vygotsky's theory. What might she say to her class?

• theory of mind refers to one's thoughts about oneself and others

• conservation refers to the idea that properties remain the same despite changes in form

• the sensorimotor stage refers to a period when babies and toddlers engage the world via their senses and motor movements

• the zone of proximal development refers to the space between what a child is capable of doing and what the child cannot yet do

A child who understands that pouring water from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin glass does not change the amount of water is demonstrating which concept?

• theory of mind

• conservation

• egocentrism

• object permanence

Which of the following best describes scaffolding in Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development?

• Encouraging children to memorize information

• Teaching children only through direct instruction

• Allowing children to learn independently without any guidance

• Providing support to help a child accomplish tasks just beyond their current abilities

During which of Piaget's stages does a child begin to use language and engage in pretend play, but still struggle with understanding the viewpoints of others?

• Formal operational stage

• Sensorimotor stage

• Preoperational stage

• Concrete operational stage

A child who can solve problems involving abstract concepts and hypothetical situations is most likely in which Piagetian stage?

• Preoperational stage

• Sensorimotor stage

• Concrete operational stage

• Formal operational stage