Daily Quiz 5

Erythropoiesis begins in the bone marrow with the differentiation of which progenitor cell?

• Myeloblast

• Lymphoblast

• Proerythroblast

• Megakaryoblast

During erythropoiesis, which stage is characterized by the extrusion of the nucleus?

• Proerythroblast

• Basophilic erythroblast

• Polychromatic erythroblast

• Orthochromatic erythroblast

Which growth factor is primarily responsible for stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells?

• Thrombopoietin

• Erythropoietin

• Interleukin-3

• Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

The hormone erythropoietin is primarily produced in which organ under hypoxic conditions?

• Liver

• Kidney

• Spleen

• Bone marrow

What is the primary physiological stimulus for increased erythropoietin production?

• Decreased blood glucose levels

• Increased blood oxygen levels

• Hypoxia or low oxygen availability

• High levels of carbon dioxide

Which vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis and, therefore, for erythropoiesis?

• Vitamin A

• Vitamin B12

• Vitamin C

• Vitamin D

A deficiency in which nutrient can lead to megaloblastic anemia due to impaired erythropoiesis?

• Iron

• Folate

• Calcium

• Magnesium

How does iron contribute to erythropoiesis?

• By acting as a cofactor for erythropoietin

• By being a crucial component of hemoglobin synthesis

• By stimulating red blood cell division

• By enhancing the release of erythropoietin from the kidneys

Which of the following cytokines plays a supportive role in erythropoiesis by acting on early progenitor cells?

• Interferon-gamma

• Interleukin-1

• Interleukin-3

• Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

The bone marrow microenvironment is crucial for erythropoiesis. Which cell type in the bone marrow provides necessary growth factors and structural support for erythroid progenitors?

• Osteoblasts

• Endothelial cells

• Stromal cells

• Chondrocytes