Unit 5 Test

Choose a word from the drop-down menu for each blank to complete the sentences below. ​ (a)   are small segments of DNA passed from parent to offspring. DNA is coiled up in the nucleus in the form of ​ (b)   to store hereditary information during cell division.

• Genes
• chromosomes
• chromatin
• DNA
• RNA
• A nervous breakdown

Choose a word from the drop-down menu for each blank to complete the sentences below. A DNA molecule is composed of repeating units called ​ (a)   . In each molecule, the nitrogen bases are ​ (b)   to one another.

• nucleotides
• complementary
• amino acids
• identical

Which of the following correctly describes how DNA contributes to the traits that appear in offspring?

• DNA contains the instructions for building RNA, which influences traits.

• DNA contains the instructions for building proteins, which create the physical traits of offspring.

• DNA contains the instructions for building carbohydrates, which are responsible for the physical traits of offspring.

• DNA contains the instructions for building enzymes, which catalyze chemical reactions for the trials of offspring.

Choose a word from the drop-down menu for each blank to complete the sentences below. During protein synthesis, ​ (a)   takes place in the nucleus of the cell and converts DNA to RNA. After the newly constructed RNA strand travels through the cytoplasm, ​ (b)   uses tRNA to carry amino acids and build protein.

• transcription
• translation

Which of the following is the correct sequence in protein synthesis?

• DNA – Transcription – mRNA – Translation – Polypeptide

• mRNA – DNA – Transcription – tRNA – Polypeptide

• DNA –Translation – tRNA – Transcription – Polypeptide

• DNA – mRNA – Transcription – Translation – Polypeptide

A change in a single base of DNA or RNA is a _____ mutation.

• point

• meiotic

• frameshift

• chromosome

There are many different types of genetic engineering in today's society. ​ (a)   is a process that results in the accelerated production of genetically identical offspring.

• Cloning
• Gel Electrophoresis
• Selective Breeding
• Stem Cell Therapy

DNA technology has many benefits for society. Scientists have been able to map the complete human genome, leading to advancements in medicine and increased knowledge of the human body. Cloning and creating transgenic organisms have led to increased agricultural production to feed a growing world population. As with most types of genetic research, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with this newly gained knowledge and these new products.

Which THREE of the following correctly describes a disadvantage of these advancements in genetic technology?

• Consuming genetically modified foods could possibly cause long-term issues that scientists are not yet aware of.

• Scientists are now able to identify genes responsible for causing genetic diseases such as muscular dystrophy.

• There is a potential for side effects that could do more harm to patients than good.

• The technology can predict the risk of disease, allowing for preventative treatment when possible.

• Scientists and people are debating on whether or not modifying genes on living organisms is ethical.

A DNA sequence is given below. Transcribe the correct mRNA molecule.

TACAGATTACGT

A molecule of DNA is below. What would be the correct amino acid sequnce?
(HINT: Transcribe the DNA into mRNA first. Then use the codon chart)

TAC CGA TGG CTA ATT

• Ile-Ala-Thr-Asp-Stop

• Met-Ala-Thr-Glu-Stop

• Leu-Ser-Met-Stop

• Met-Ala-Thr-Asp-Stop