the shielding effect

What is the shielding effect in atomic physics?

• A phenomenon where inner electrons reduce the effective nuclear charge felt by outer electrons.

• A process where outer electrons increase the effective nuclear charge felt by inner electrons.

• A method to increase the atomic size of an element.

• A technique to enhance the ionization energy of an atom.

Which factor does NOT affect the effective nuclear charge experienced by an electron?

• The number of inner electrons.

• The distance of the electron from the nucleus.

• The shape and distribution of electron orbitals.

• The color of the electron.

How does the shielding effect influence atomic size?

• It increases atomic size by reducing the effective nuclear charge.

• It decreases atomic size by increasing the effective nuclear charge.

• It has no impact on atomic size.

• It makes atomic size unpredictable.

What happens to the effective nuclear charge as the distance of the electron from the nucleus increases?

• It decreases due to increased shielding.

• It increases due to decreased shielding.

• It remains constant regardless of distance.

• It fluctuates randomly.

Why do elements with more protons generally have a higher effective nuclear charge?

• Because they have more inner electrons causing more shielding.

• Because they have fewer inner electrons causing less shielding.

• Because the increased protons directly increase the nuclear charge.

• Because the increased protons decrease the nuclear charge.

What is the relationship between effective nuclear charge and chemical reactivity?

• Higher effective nuclear charge generally leads to lower chemical reactivity.

• Higher effective nuclear charge generally leads to higher chemical reactivity.

• Effective nuclear charge has no impact on chemical reactivity.

• Effective nuclear charge makes chemical reactivity unpredictable.

What explains the periodic trends in the periodic table according to the passage?

• The balance between nuclear charge and shielding.

• The number of electrons in the outer shell.

• The atomic mass of the elements.

• The color of the elements.