Separation Techniques in Chemistry

The video explores the concepts of balance and equilibrium in engineering, emphasizing the need to separate substances for various applications. It covers three main separation techniques: distillation, which uses boiling points to separate components; liquid-liquid extraction, which relies on solubility differences; and reverse osmosis, which filters molecules through a semipermeable barrier. These methods are crucial for purifying chemicals and solving engineering problems.

Why might engineers need to disrupt balance and equilibrium?

• To make mixtures more uniform

• To create more chaos in systems

• To solve engineering problems

• To increase the concentration of harmful substances

What is the primary principle behind distillation?

• Differences in boiling points

• Differences in density

• Differences in solubility

• Differences in color

In a distillation column, what happens to more volatile substances?

• They are drawn downwards as liquid

• They are removed as solid

• They are drawn upwards as gas

• They remain in the liquid phase

What is the purpose of reflux in distillation?

• To change the color of the mixture

• To increase the efficiency of separation

• To cool down the mixture

• To add more substances to the mixture

What does liquid-liquid extraction rely on to separate substances?

• Differences in temperature

• Differences in density and solubility

• Differences in color

• Differences in taste

In liquid-liquid extraction, what is the role of the solvent?

• To carry away the contaminant

• To dissolve the product

• To mix with the product

• To increase the temperature

What is reverse osmosis primarily used for?

• Changing the color of a solution

• Heating substances

• Filtering molecules from a solvent

• Mixing different liquids

What is a reject stream in reverse osmosis?

• The initial mixture

• The unwanted substances removed

• The solvent used

• The filtered water

Which of the following is NOT a method of chemical separation discussed?

• Distillation

• Evaporation

• Liquid-liquid extraction

• Reverse osmosis

What is a potential challenge in separating mustard from pudding?

• It can be done with reverse osmosis alone

• It is impossible to separate

• It involves multiple separation techniques

• It requires only distillation