Motivating Others Fund Mgmt 400

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

• A theory that workers behave differently when observed.

• A theory that workers are motivated by financial rewards.

• A theory that productivity is solely based on working conditions.

• A theory that emphasizes the importance of teamwork.

Answer explanation

The Hawthorne Effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals modify their behavior in response to being observed. This aligns with the correct choice, as it highlights how observation influences worker behavior.

What are the five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

• Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization

• Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization, Physiological

• Esteem, Self-Actualization, Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging

• Self-Actualization, Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem

Answer explanation

The correct answer lists the five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the proper order: Physiological, Safety, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization, which represent the progression of human needs.

What is Theory X according to Douglas McGregor?

• The idea that workers are basically lazy and respond only to strict rewards and punishments.

• The idea that workers are honest and hardworking.

• The idea that workers are motivated by hygiene factors.

• The idea that workers are motivated by three needs.

Answer explanation

Theory X, proposed by Douglas McGregor, suggests that workers are inherently lazy and require strict supervision and control through rewards and punishments to be productive. This aligns with the correct answer choice.

What are hygiene factors in Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory?

• Achievement, recognition, and growth.

• Supervisors, company policies, and salary.

• The need for achievement, power, and affiliation.

• The variety of skills required for a job.

Answer explanation

In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, hygiene factors include elements that prevent dissatisfaction, such as supervisors, company policies, and salary. These factors do not motivate but are essential for maintaining a baseline level of employee satisfaction.

What does the Equity Theory suggest?

• Employees compare their inputs and outputs with others.

• Employees are motivated by hygiene factors.

• Employees are motivated by three needs.

• Employees respond to a strict system of rewards.

Answer explanation

The Equity Theory posits that employees assess their contributions (inputs) and rewards (outputs) in relation to others. This comparison influences their motivation and satisfaction at work, making the first choice correct.

What are the five dimensions of the Job-Characteristics Model?

• Skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.

• Achievement, recognition, advancement, growth, and responsibility.

• Inputs, outputs, fairness, rewards, and motivation.

• Physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs.

Answer explanation

The correct answer identifies the five dimensions of the Job-Characteristics Model: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback, which enhance job satisfaction and motivation.

What is the main idea of Expectancy Theory?

• People will respond if they expect a specific result.

• People are motivated by hygiene factors.

• People compare their inputs and outputs.

• People are motivated by three needs.

Answer explanation

Expectancy Theory posits that individuals are motivated to act based on their expectations of achieving a desired outcome. Thus, the correct choice highlights that people will respond if they expect a specific result.

What types of diversity should managers be aware of?

• Religious, racial and ethnic, gender, and economic diversity.

• Only racial and ethnic diversity.

• Only gender diversity.

• Only economic diversity.

Answer explanation

Managers should be aware of various types of diversity, including religious, racial and ethnic, gender, and economic diversity, as each plays a crucial role in fostering an inclusive workplace.

What is the first theory that explains how people learn?

• Operant Conditioning

• Social Learning Theory

• Cognitive Learning

• Behaviorism

Answer explanation

Operant Conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner, is the first theory that explains learning through reinforcement and punishment, shaping behavior based on consequences. It laid the groundwork for understanding how people learn.

What is the second theory that builds on operant conditioning?

• Operant Conditioning

• Social Learning Theory

• Cognitive Learning

• Behaviorism

Answer explanation

Social Learning Theory builds on operant conditioning by emphasizing the role of observation and imitation in learning, suggesting that behaviors can be acquired by watching others, not just through direct reinforcement.