The Lead Up to the Civil War

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT

• the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions

• the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South

• differences over the morality and future of slavery

• the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

• a constitutional crisis pitting states’ rights against federal power

African Americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start anew in Kansas were known as

• exodusters

• homesteaders

• scalawags

• jayhawkers

• the Colored Farmers’ National Alliance

Anti-immigrant nativism of the 1840s and 1850s had the most in common with which of the following earlier developments?

• The passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), which limited rights for foreign-born residents

• The conflict between Patriots and Loyalists during the American Revolution

• The persecution of religious dissenters in the Massachusetts Bay Colony

• The signing of the Treaty of Greenville (1794) that ended wars between the United States and Native Americans in the Northwest Territory

“I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?”

The excerpt most directly reflects the

• efforts to commemorate African American contributions to the American Revolution

• public visibility of African Americans in abolitionist campaigns

• migration of many African Americans from the rural South to the urban North

• willingness of the abolitionist movement to use violence to free African Americans

“I am not included within the pale of this glorious anniversary! Your high independence only reveals the immeasurable distance between us. The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common. The rich inheritance of justice, liberty, prosperity, and independence, bequeathed by your fathers, is shared by you, not by me. The sunlight that brought life and healing to you, has brought stripes and death to me. This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn. To drag a man in fetters into the grand illuminated temple of liberty, and call upon him to join you in joyous anthems, were inhuman mockery and sacrilegious irony. Do you mean, citizens, to mock me, by asking me to speak today?”

In the excerpt Douglass implicitly contrasted the African American experience with ideas expressed in

• the Declaration of Independence

• the Federalist papers

• the Bill of Rights

• George Washington’s Farewell Address

In the 1850s ideas such as those expressed in the excerpt most directly contributed to

• controversies over the expansion of slavery to new territories

• the creation of separate African American churches

• the extension of voting rights to African Americans in the North

• growth in the international slave trade

The Supreme Court’s decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857 effectively repealed the

• Missouri Compromise

• Fugitive Slave Act

• Ostend Manifesto

• Wilmot Proviso

• Eleventh Amendment to the Constitution

“The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? . . . It is the judgment of this court that it appears . . . that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen . . . in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution.”

The decision in the excerpt held which of the following to be unconstitutional?

• The Northwest Ordinance

• The Louisiana Purchase

• The Missouri Compromise

• The Wilmot Proviso

“The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? . . . It is the judgment of this court that it appears . . . that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen . . . in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution.”

Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision in the excerpt?

• Abolitionists

• Southern Democrats

• Free soil advocates

• Northern Republicans

“The question is simply this: can a negro whose ancestors were imported into this country and sold as slaves become a member of the political community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and privileges, and immunities, guaranteed by that instrument to the citizen, one of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the United States in the cases specified in the Constitution? . . . It is the judgment of this court that it appears . . . that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen . . . in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution.”

Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision in the excerpt?

• Tensions over slavery diminished.

• Support grew for the Republican Party.

• The United States fought a war with Mexico.

• Most slave states voted to secede from the Union.