updated Wk1: Foundations in TPAs and Gate Control Theory

What is the central idea of Melzack and Wall’s Gate Control Theory of Pain?

• Pain intensity is directly proportional to the extent of tissue damage.

• Pain signals can be modulated at the spinal cord level before reaching the brain.

• Pain is purely a psychological phenomenon.

• Pain is only transmitted via large nerve fibers.

Where is the "gate" in the Gate Control Theory of Pain located?

• Cerebral cortex

• Thalamus

• Spinal cord dorsal horn

• Peripheral nociceptors

In the Gate Control Theory, what is the role of large-diameter (Aβ) fibers in pain modulation?

• They open the gate to increase pain perception.

• They close the gate to reduce pain perception.

• They transmit pain signals directly to the brain.

• They bypass the spinal cord to reach the brain faster.

According to the Gate Control Theory, how does the brain influence the perception of pain?

• The brain passively receives pain signals without modification.

• The brain sends signals that can either open or close the gate.

• The brain blocks all pain signals at the spinal cord.

• The brain increases pain perception by activating nociceptors.

Which of the following is a thermal electrophysical agent?

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation

• Shortwave diathermy

• Warm whirlpool

• Spinal traction

Which therapy utilizes the Gate Control Theory by stimulating large-diameter fibers to alleviate pain?

• Pharmacological pain management

• Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

• Acupuncture

Which of the following is an electrical electrophysical agent?

• Shortwave diathermy

• Warm whirlpool

• Neuromuscular electrical stimulation

• Spinal traction

Which of the following is considered a limitation of the Gate Control Theory?

• It explains all types of pain.

• It does not account for psychological factors.

• It is applicable only to chronic pain.

• It ignores the role of the spinal cord.

Benjamin is observing the healing process of a wound. How long can the maturation phase last?

• A year or more

• A few weeks

• A few days

• A month

Which neurochemical substances are associated with closing the pain gate?

• Glutamate and substance P

• Endorphins and enkephalins

• Histamine and bradykinin

• Serotonin and prostaglandins