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inflation

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increased prices combined with the reduced value of money

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public works

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projects built by the government for public use such as roads, bridges and parks

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liturgy

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a religious service; a ritual or other act of public worship

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patriarch

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The male head of a family or tribe

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Byzantine Empire

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formerly the Eastern Roman Empire; prospered; capital city was Constantinople

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Constantinople

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capital city of the Byzantine Empire; previously named Byzantium; today named Istanbul

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icon

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an image or symbol of a sacred person, often considered sacred itself; an object of devotion

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schism

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a formal split or division within a group

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commercial

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having to do with business or trade

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cultural diffusion

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The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another