The saturation is know as as the ____________________ oil saturation and is abbreviated Sor. The residual oil interferes with the flow of _______ and the __________________ permeability of the water is less than the ________________ permeability.

residual; water; effective; absolute

Types of Relative Permeability Curves

drainage and water re-saturation

At the beginning, the rock or reservoir is fully saturated with water (no other fluid), therefore krw = 1 since kw = k. As the oil gradually enters the system, the water saturation decreases and the oil saturation increases, this is why krw decreases and kro increases. As the So increases, the oil flow will increase. At the same time the Sw will be decreasing, therefore, the water flow will be decreasing kr too. The So will increase until the Swir is reached. At this point only oil will flow and the expected kro will be very high.

Drainage relative permeability curve

Occur after drainage when water is injected to produce oil. This curve will start from where the drainage ended in the drainage relative permeability curve. As the water is injected into the system, the Sw will gradually increase, starting from the Swr, while the So and the kro will decrease. The krw will keep increasing until the oil becomes trapped in the pore spaces (for the water-wet case), which will be the Sor. The krw, max (i.e the end point krw) will be at the Sor.

Water re-saturation permeability curve

act in the opposite manner when compared to the water-wet systems; Krw will be high as the surface wants to be in contact with oil, thus, water will have high mobility compared to oil. The crossover of the krw and kro is usually at Sw < 0.5. Sor tend to be lower in these systems.

Oil-wet water re-saturation curves

Low krw end points (< 0.2) because it is hard to move water out in such systems The crossover of the krw and kro is usually Sw > 0.5. Sor tend to be higher in these systems.

water-wet water re-saturation curves

Water - wet on saturation at which oil and water relative permeabilities are equal

greater than 50 percent water saturation

Oil - wet on saturation at which oil and water relative permeabilities are equal

less than 50 percent water saturation

Oil - wet on relative permeability to water at maximum water saturation; i.e. at floodout

between 50 percent and 100 percent

To estimate the RF, _____________________ should be calculated.

displacement and volumetric sweep efficiently

part of SCAL and is done using the steady and the unsteady state lab methods

Relative permeability measurement

Steady State: Initially, the core is completely saturated with ___________. The test begins by injecting just oil until _________________ is reached. At this point the water is at ___________ saturation and theoretically only oil should be flowing through the core.

water; steady state; irreducible

Steady State: There is evidence that an extremely small amount of water is still ________ in the system. At this point the flow rate of _____ and the ___________________ is measured and these values are used in Darcy’s law to calculate the effective permeability to _____ at the irreducible water saturation.

mobile; oil; pressure drop; oil

Steady State: Next, _________ is injected into the core simultaneously with oil at point A. A new steady state level is reached and the outlet flow rates for each phase are measured along with the pressure drop, and __________________________________ of each fluid at the given saturation are calculated.

water; effective permeabilities

The _______________ ratio is changed (increasing the amount of water) and the process is again repeated. In this stepwise manner relative permeability curves can be developed for as many points as desired. To obtain the last end point value for effective water saturation, only _________ is flowed through the core until irreducible oil saturation is reached at _________________.

inlet flow rate; water; point D

Advantages for Steady State

accurate and reliable for estimating permeability

Unsteady State: As can be seen, there is only ____________ since only one phase is injected into the core. The major difference in unsteady state techniques is that saturation equilibrium is ______________ during the test. As well, __________ are not injected simultaneously into the core.

one inlet; not achieved; fluids

Unsteady State: Instead, the test involves displacing _____________ with a constant rate/pressure driving fluid. The outlet fluid composition and flow rate is measured and used in determining the _________________.

in-situ fluids; relative permeability

• When the effect of capillary pressure is neglected and the flow is horizontal direction, the fractional flow of water depends only on the _______________________________________.

relative permeabilities and viscosities

Between Swi and 1-Sor, the fractional flow of water __________________ continuously. This type of fractional flow curve can be calculated directly from the _________________________.

increases; relative permeability data

PETE 2031 Chapter 7 Quiz

62 questions

Show all answers

1.

FILL IN THE BLANK QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

2.

FILL IN THE BLANK QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The property _______ in Darcy’s Law is defined as the absolute permeability of the rock.

3.

FILL IN THE BLANK QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

is a rock property (like porosity, density, etc.)

4.

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Darcy’s Law was defined with only one phase flowing.
What happens when more than one phase is present, say oil and water?

If an initially water filled core is flooded with oil until only oil is produced from the outlet end, a water saturation will continue to exist in the core.

At this oil and water saturation, only oil is flowing and the water is immobile.

If an initially water filled core is flooded with oil until only oil is produced from the outlet end, a oil saturation will continue to exist in the core.

At this oil and water saturation, only water is flowing and the oil is immobile.

5.

FILL IN THE BLANK QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The water saturation is known as the _ or _ water saturation and is abbreviated as Swir or Swc.

6.

FILL IN THE BLANK QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The immobile water interferes with the flow of oil and the permeability of the oil is less than the permeability of the rock.

7.

FILL IN THE BLANK QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Schematic of Irreducible Water Saturation
_______ is Immobile and Only _ is Flowing

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PETE 2031 Chapter 7

The property _______ in Darcy’s Law is defined as the absolute permeability of the rock.

is a rock property (like porosity, density, etc.)

Darcy’s Law was defined with only one phase flowing.
What happens when more than one phase is present, say oil and water?

The water saturation is known as the _ or _ water saturation and is abbreviated as Swir or Swc.

The immobile water interferes with the flow of oil and the permeability of the oil is less than the permeability of the rock.

Schematic of Irreducible Water Saturation
_______ is Immobile and Only _ is Flowing

If we reverse the process and waterflood the oil saturated core with water, no _ is produced from the core, and _____________________ will remain in the core

The saturation is know as as the ________________ oil saturation and is abbreviated Sor. The residual oil interferes with the flow of _ and the permeability of the water is less than the permeability.

This interference to flow when more than one phase is present leads to the definition of ______________________________. It's defined as the effective permeability to a phase divided by the absolute permeability.

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Other

PETE 2031 Chapter 7

The property _______ in Darcy’s Law is defined as the absolute permeability of the rock.

is a rock property (like porosity, density, etc.)

Darcy’s Law was defined with only one phase flowing.What happens when more than one phase is present, say oil and water?

The water saturation is known as the _________________ or _________________ water saturation and is abbreviated as Swir or Swc.

The immobile water interferes with the flow of oil and the ______________ permeability of the oil is less than the ______________ permeability of the rock.

Schematic of Irreducible Water Saturation ___________ is Immobile and Only _____ is Flowing

If we reverse the process and waterflood the oil saturated core with water, no _____ is produced from the core, and _________________________ will remain in the core

The saturation is know as as the ____________________ oil saturation and is abbreviated Sor. The residual oil interferes with the flow of _______ and the __________________ permeability of the water is less than the ________________ permeability.

This interference to flow when more than one phase is present leads to the definition of ______________________________. It's defined as the effective permeability to a phase divided by the absolute permeability.

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Other

Darcy’s Law was defined with only one phase flowing.
What happens when more than one phase is present, say oil and water?

The water saturation is known as the _ or _ water saturation and is abbreviated as Swir or Swc.

The immobile water interferes with the flow of oil and the permeability of the oil is less than the permeability of the rock.

Schematic of Irreducible Water Saturation
_______ is Immobile and Only _ is Flowing

If we reverse the process and waterflood the oil saturated core with water, no _ is produced from the core, and _____________________ will remain in the core

The saturation is know as as the ________________ oil saturation and is abbreviated Sor. The residual oil interferes with the flow of _ and the permeability of the water is less than the permeability.