descriptive text

The following text is for questions 1 to 4.

Fort Rotterdam Makassar

Fort Rotterdam is located at Jalan Ujung Pandang, Makassar. This fort was built in 1545 by the 9th King of Gowa, named I Manrigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung. Initially, this fort was made of clay, but during the reign of the 14th King of Gowa, Sultan Alauddin, the construction was changed to padas stone which was sourced from the Karst Mountains in the Maros area.

Fort Rotterdam is shaped like a turtle that is about to crawl down into the ocean. In terms of shape, the philosophy of the Kingdom of Gowa is very clear. Turtles can live on land or in the sea; likewise with the Gowa Kingdom which triumphed on land and at sea.

The original name of Fort Rotterdam is Fort Ujung Pandang. It is also common for Gowa-Makassar people to call this fort Panyyua Fort, the headquarters of the Gowa Kingdom frogmen. The Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo signed the Bungayya agreement, which required the Kingdom of Gowa to hand this fort over to the Dutch.

When the Dutch occupied this fort, the name Fort Ujung Pandang was changed to Fort Rotterdam. Cornelis Speelman deliberately chose the name to commemorate his birthplace in the Netherlands. This fort was later used by the Dutch as a centre for storing spices in eastern Indonesia. Around 200 years ago, the Dutch used this fort as a centre for government, economy and other activities.

In 1937, ownership of Fort Rotterdam by the Dutch Indies Government was transferred to the Fort Rotterdam Foundation. The fort was registered as a historic building on May 23, 1940. In the Ujung Pandang Fort complex, there is now the La Galigo Museum, in which there are many references to the history of the greatness of Makassar (Gowa- Tallo) and other areas in South Sulawesi. Most of the fort buildings are still intact and have become a tourist attraction in Makassar City.

 

1. Who built the fort?

• A. The 6th King of Gowa

• B. The 7th King of Gowa

• C. The 8th King of Gowa

• D. The 9th King of Gowa

• E.  The 3th King of Gowa

The following text is for questions 1 to 4.

Fort Rotterdam Makassar

Fort Rotterdam is located at Jalan Ujung Pandang, Makassar. This fort was built in 1545 by the 9th King of Gowa, named I Manrigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung. Initially, this fort was made of clay, but during the reign of the 14th King of Gowa, Sultan Alauddin, the construction was changed to padas stone which was sourced from the Karst Mountains in the Maros area.

Fort Rotterdam is shaped like a turtle that is about to crawl down into the ocean. In terms of shape, the philosophy of the Kingdom of Gowa is very clear. Turtles can live on land or in the sea; likewise with the Gowa Kingdom which triumphed on land and at sea.

The original name of Fort Rotterdam is Fort Ujung Pandang. It is also common for Gowa-Makassar people to call this fort Panyyua Fort, the headquarters of the Gowa Kingdom frogmen. The Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo signed the Bungayya agreement, which required the Kingdom of Gowa to hand this fort over to the Dutch.

When the Dutch occupied this fort, the name Fort Ujung Pandang was changed to Fort Rotterdam. Cornelis Speelman deliberately chose the name to commemorate his birthplace in the Netherlands. This fort was later used by the Dutch as a centre for storing spices in eastern Indonesia. Around 200 years ago, the Dutch used this fort as a centre for government, economy and other activities.

In 1937, ownership of Fort Rotterdam by the Dutch Indies Government was transferred to the Fort Rotterdam Foundation. The fort was registered as a historic building on May 23, 1940. In the Ujung Pandang Fort complex, there is now the La Galigo Museum, in which there are many references to the history of the greatness of Makassar (Gowa- Tallo) and other areas in South Sulawesi. Most of the fort buildings are still intact and have become a tourist attraction in Makassar City.

2. What was the original name of Fort Rotterdam?

t

• A. The Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo

• B. Fort Ujung Pandang

• C. Gowa Kingdom frogmen

• D. Fort Rotterdam Foundation

• E. Dutch Indies Governmen

The following text is for questions 1 to 4.

Fort Rotterdam Makassar

Fort Rotterdam is located at Jalan Ujung Pandang, Makassar. This fort was built in 1545 by the 9th King of Gowa, named I Manrigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung. Initially, this fort was made of clay, but during the reign of the 14th King of Gowa, Sultan Alauddin, the construction was changed to padas stone which was sourced from the Karst Mountains in the Maros area.

Fort Rotterdam is shaped like a turtle that is about to crawl down into the ocean. In terms of shape, the philosophy of the Kingdom of Gowa is very clear. Turtles can live on land or in the sea; likewise with the Gowa Kingdom which triumphed on land and at sea.

The original name of Fort Rotterdam is Fort Ujung Pandang. It is also common for Gowa-Makassar people to call this fort Panyyua Fort, the headquarters of the Gowa Kingdom frogmen. The Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo signed the Bungayya agreement, which required the Kingdom of Gowa to hand this fort over to the Dutch.

When the Dutch occupied this fort, the name Fort Ujung Pandang was changed to Fort Rotterdam. Cornelis Speelman deliberately chose the name to commemorate his birthplace in the Netherlands. This fort was later used by the Dutch as a centre for storing spices in eastern Indonesia. Around 200 years ago, the Dutch used this fort as a centre for government, economy and other activities.

In 1937, ownership of Fort Rotterdam by the Dutch Indies Government was transferred to the Fort Rotterdam Foundation. The fort was registered as a historic building on May 23, 1940. In the Ujung Pandang Fort complex, there is now the La Galigo Museum, in which there are many references to the history of the greatness of Makassar (Gowa- Tallo) and other areas in South Sulawesi. Most of the fort buildings are still intact and have become a tourist attraction in Makassar City.

3. "This fort was registered as a historic building on May 23, 1940."

The word in bold can be replaced with

• A. reported

• B. submitted

• C. recorded

• D. posted

• E. indicated

The following text is for questions 1 to 4.

Fort Rotterdam Makassar

Fort Rotterdam is located at Jalan Ujung Pandang, Makassar. This fort was built in 1545 by the 9th King of Gowa, named I Manrigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung. Initially, this fort was made of clay, but during the reign of the 14th King of Gowa, Sultan Alauddin, the construction was changed to padas stone which was sourced from the Karst Mountains in the Maros area.

Fort Rotterdam is shaped like a turtle that is about to crawl down into the ocean. In terms of shape, the philosophy of the Kingdom of Gowa is very clear. Turtles can live on land or in the sea; likewise with the Gowa Kingdom which triumphed on land and at sea.

The original name of Fort Rotterdam is Fort Ujung Pandang. It is also common for Gowa-Makassar people to call this fort Panyyua Fort, the headquarters of the Gowa Kingdom frogmen. The Kingdom of Gowa-Tallo signed the Bungayya agreement, which required the Kingdom of Gowa to hand this fort over to the Dutch.

When the Dutch occupied this fort, the name Fort Ujung Pandang was changed to Fort Rotterdam. Cornelis Speelman deliberately chose the name to commemorate his birthplace in the Netherlands. This fort was later used by the Dutch as a centre for storing spices in eastern Indonesia. Around 200 years ago, the Dutch used this fort as a centre for government, economy and other activities.

In 1937, ownership of Fort Rotterdam by the Dutch Indies Government was transferred to the Fort Rotterdam Foundation. The fort was registered as a historic building on May 23, 1940. In the Ujung Pandang Fort complex, there is now the La Galigo Museum, in which there are many references to the history of the greatness of Makassar (Gowa- Tallo) and other areas in South Sulawesi. Most of the fort buildings are still intact and have become a tourist attraction in Makassar City.

4. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?

• A. Fort Rotterdam is located at Jalan Ujung Pandang, Manado.

• B. Fort Rotterdam was built by I Manrigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung.

• C. Fort Rotterdam is shaped like a crocodile that is about to crawl down into the ocean.

• D. Cornelis Speelman chose the name Fort Rotterdam to commemorate his birthplace in the Makassar.

• E. Fort Rotterdam was registered as a historic building on May 25, 1940.

The following text is for questions 5 to 7.

COVID-19

   COVID-19 is the disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses are

large family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. These can range from the

common cold to more serious diseases.

 

   COVID-19 is a new disease, so there is limited natural immunity in our community.

This means that COVID-19 can spread quickly.

 

   The virus is usually spread from person to person by: (1) close contact with an

infectious person; (2) contact with droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze;

(3) touching objects or surfaces that have droplets from an infected person, and then

touching your mouth or face.

 

   Symptoms of COVID-19 can range from mild to severe. Some people recover easily,

and others get very sick very quickly. If you test positive for COVID-19 you may experi-

ence: (1) fever; (2) coughing; (3) sore throat; and (4) shortness of breath. You may also

experience: (1) runny nose or congestion; (2) headache or fatigue; (3) muscle or joint

pains; (4) nausea or loss of appetite; (5) diarrhoea or vomiting; and (6) temporary loss

of smell or altered sense of taste.

 

   COVID-19 symptoms are similar to some common illnesses, such as colds and flu,

or allergies

.

   Viruses naturally change or mutate. This can lead to what is known as a variant

to the main virus strain. This generally happens where there is a large amount of com-

munity transmission.

 

   COVID-19 variants continue to emerge. The World Health Organization (WHO) is

responsible for tracking variants of concern and interest. There are currently 13 named

variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Some previous variants of

concern have been as variant; of concern once further data has become available.

 

   The WHO has identified the variants of concern as: (1) Alpha - first found in the

United Kingdom; (2) Beta - first found in South Africa; (3) Delta - first found in India;

(4) Gamma - first found in Brazil; and (5) Omicron - first found in South Africa.

 

   Most people who test positive for COVID-19 recover completely, but some people

may develop long COVID. Long COVID is where symptoms of COVID-19 remain, or de-

velop, long after the initial infection - usually after 4 weeks. Symptoms of long COVID

can last for weeks or sometimes months, and include: (1) extreme fatigue (tiredness);

(2) shortness of breath, heart palpitations, chest pain or tightness; (3) problems with

memory and concentration; (4) changes to taste and smell; and (5) joint and muscle pain.

 

   It is not yet known how long symptoms of long COVID will last. In a large survey

of people in the United Kingdom who had COVID-19, nearly 10% of people reported at

least one symptom 12 weeks after their initial infection.

 

 

5. According to the text, how does Covid spread?

• A. It spreads unpredictably.

• B. It spreads very slowly.

• C. It spreads in poor country.

• D. It spreads quickly.

• E. It spreads in public facilities.

The following text is for questions 5 to 7.

COVID-19

   COVID-19 is the disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses are

large family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. These can range from the

common cold to more serious diseases.

 

   COVID-19 is a new disease, so there is limited natural immunity in our community.

This means that COVID-19 can spread quickly.

 

   The virus is usually spread from person to person by: (1) close contact with an

infectious person; (2) contact with droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze;

(3) touching objects or surfaces that have droplets from an infected person, and then

touching your mouth or face.

 

   Symptoms of COVID-19 can range from mild to severe. Some people recover easily,

and others get very sick very quickly. If you test positive for COVID-19 you may experi-

ence: (1) fever; (2) coughing; (3) sore throat; and (4) shortness of breath. You may also

experience: (1) runny nose or congestion; (2) headache or fatigue; (3) muscle or joint

pains; (4) nausea or loss of appetite; (5) diarrhoea or vomiting; and (6) temporary loss

of smell or altered sense of taste.

 

   COVID-19 symptoms are similar to some common illnesses, such as colds and flu,

or allergies

.

   Viruses naturally change or mutate. This can lead to what is known as a variant

to the main virus strain. This generally happens where there is a large amount of com-

munity transmission.

 

   COVID-19 variants continue to emerge. The World Health Organization (WHO) is

responsible for tracking variants of concern and interest. There are currently 13 named

variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Some previous variants of

concern have been as variant; of concern once further data has become available.

 

   The WHO has identified the variants of concern as: (1) Alpha - first found in the

United Kingdom; (2) Beta - first found in South Africa; (3) Delta - first found in India;

(4) Gamma - first found in Brazil; and (5) Omicron - first found in South Africa.

 

   Most people who test positive for COVID-19 recover completely, but some people

may develop long COVID. Long COVID is where symptoms of COVID-19 remain, or de-

velop, long after the initial infection - usually after 4 weeks. Symptoms of long COVID

can last for weeks or sometimes months, and include: (1) extreme fatigue (tiredness);

(2) shortness of breath, heart palpitations, chest pain or tightness; (3) problems with

memory and concentration; (4) changes to taste and smell; and (5) joint and muscle pain.

 

   It is not yet known how long symptoms of long COVID will last. In a large survey

of people in the United Kingdom who had COVID-19, nearly 10% of people reported at

least one symptom 12 weeks after their initial infection.

6. What are Covid-19 symptoms?

• A. Someone could experience fever, coughing, and headache or fatigue

• B. Someone could experience fever, sore throat, and itchiness.

• C. Someone could experience fever, shortness of breath, and cracked skin.

• D. Someone could experience fever, runny nose or congestion, and hair loss.

• E. Someone could experience fever, muscle or joint pains, and puffy eyes.

The following text is for questions 5 to 7.

COVID-19

   COVID-19 is the disease caused by the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses are

large family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. These can range from the

common cold to more serious diseases.

 

   COVID-19 is a new disease, so there is limited natural immunity in our community.

This means that COVID-19 can spread quickly.

 

   The virus is usually spread from person to person by: (1) close contact with an

infectious person; (2) contact with droplets from an infected person's cough or sneeze;

(3) touching objects or surfaces that have droplets from an infected person, and then

touching your mouth or face.

 

   Symptoms of COVID-19 can range from mild to severe. Some people recover easily,

and others get very sick very quickly. If you test positive for COVID-19 you may experi-

ence: (1) fever; (2) coughing; (3) sore throat; and (4) shortness of breath. You may also

experience: (1) runny nose or congestion; (2) headache or fatigue; (3) muscle or joint

pains; (4) nausea or loss of appetite; (5) diarrhoea or vomiting; and (6) temporary loss

of smell or altered sense of taste.

 

   COVID-19 symptoms are similar to some common illnesses, such as colds and flu,

or allergies

.

   Viruses naturally change or mutate. This can lead to what is known as a variant

to the main virus strain. This generally happens where there is a large amount of com-

munity transmission.

 

   COVID-19 variants continue to emerge. The World Health Organization (WHO) is

responsible for tracking variants of concern and interest. There are currently 13 named

variants of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Some previous variants of

concern have been as variant; of concern once further data has become available.

 

   The WHO has identified the variants of concern as: (1) Alpha - first found in the

United Kingdom; (2) Beta - first found in South Africa; (3) Delta - first found in India;

(4) Gamma - first found in Brazil; and (5) Omicron - first found in South Africa.

 

   Most people who test positive for COVID-19 recover completely, but some people

may develop long COVID. Long COVID is where symptoms of COVID-19 remain, or de-

velop, long after the initial infection - usually after 4 weeks. Symptoms of long COVID

can last for weeks or sometimes months, and include: (1) extreme fatigue (tiredness);

(2) shortness of breath, heart palpitations, chest pain or tightness; (3) problems with

memory and concentration; (4) changes to taste and smell; and (5) joint and muscle pain.

 

   It is not yet known how long symptoms of long COVID will last. In a large survey

of people in the United Kingdom who had COVID-19, nearly 10% of people reported at

least one symptom 12 weeks after their initial infection.

7.  According to the text, how many variants of concern Covid-19 which have been identified by WHO?

• A. 3

• B. 4

• C. 5

• D. 6

• E. 7

The following dialogue is for questions 8 to 10.

Annie : Have you ever eaten white truffle?

Donny : No, I haven't. I heard that it is very expensive.

Annie : Yes, it is. It has the Latin name, Tuber Magnatum. It is also called Piedmont or Alba Truffle.

Donny : When is it harvested?

Annie : Well, farmers usually harvest it from October to December.

Donny : How does it grow?

Annie : It grows in symbiosis with the roots of hardwood trees like oaks, chestnut, hornbeam, and                hazelnut.

Donny : How do farmers harvest it?

Annie : They use trained dogs to find the truffles.

Donny : Oh, I see. Then how do the dogs find it?

Annie : The trained dogs can smell the truffles through the earth, as truffles grow a few inches under the ground.

 

 

8. What was covered in the text?

• A. Travel and its definition.

• B. Truffles and their description.

• C. Trade and its corporation.

• D. Trumpet and its sound.

• E. Truffles and their farmers.

The following dialogue is for questions 8 to 10.

Annie : Have you ever eaten white truffle?

Donny : No, I haven't. I heard that it is very expensive.

Annie : Yes, it is. It has the Latin name, Tuber Magnatum. It is also called Piedmont or Alba Truffle.

Donny : When is it harvested?

Annie : Well, farmers usually harvest it from October to December.

Donny : How does it grow?

Annie : It grows in symbiosis with the roots of hardwood trees like oaks, chestnut, hornbeam, and                hazelnut.

Donny : How do farmers harvest it?

Annie : They use trained dogs to find the truffles.

Donny : Oh, I see. Then how do the dogs find it?

Annie : The trained dogs can smell the truffles through the earth, as truffles grow a few inches under the ground.

9. Who usually finds this valuable food?

• A. Hunters.

• B. Goats.

• C. Cows.

• D. Dogs.

• E. Farmers.

The following dialogue is for questions 8 to 10.

Annie : Have you ever eaten white truffle?

Donny : No, I haven't. I heard that it is very expensive.

Annie : Yes, it is. It has the Latin name, Tuber Magnatum. It is also called Piedmont or Alba Truffle.

Donny : When is it harvested?

Annie : Well, farmers usually harvest it from October to December.

Donny : How does it grow?

Annie : It grows in symbiosis with the roots of hardwood trees like oaks, chestnut, hornbeam, and                hazelnut.

Donny : How do farmers harvest it?

Annie : They use trained dogs to find the truffles.

Donny : Oh, I see. Then how do the dogs find it?

Annie : The trained dogs can smell the truffles through the earth, as truffles grow a few inches under the ground.

10. "I heard that it is very expensive." The word "it" refers to ....

• A. white truffle

• B. truffle

• C. root

• D. tree

• E. oak