6.6 Exploring Continuous Improvement Models

What is the primary focus of Kaizen principles?

• Large-scale changes

• Continuous small improvements

• Cost reduction

• Employee layoffs

Answer explanation

The primary focus of Kaizen principles is on continuous small improvements. This approach emphasizes incremental changes that enhance efficiency and quality over time, rather than large-scale changes or cost-cutting measures.

Which of the following is a key concept in Six Sigma methodology?

• 5S

• DMAIC

• Just-in-time

• Kanban

Answer explanation

DMAIC is a core component of Six Sigma methodology, representing the phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. It is essential for process improvement, unlike 5S, Just-in-time, and Kanban, which are different methodologies.

Lean management primarily aims to:

• Increase inventory

• Reduce waste

• Maximise employee turnover

• Increase production time

Answer explanation

Lean management primarily aims to reduce waste by streamlining processes and improving efficiency, which helps organizations deliver more value with fewer resources.

Total Quality Management (TQM) focuses on:

• Individual performance

• Customer satisfaction

• Reducing employee benefits

• Increasing product prices

Answer explanation

Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes customer satisfaction as a key principle, aiming to improve processes and products to meet customer needs effectively.

Which of the following is a tool used in Lean management?

• Fishbone diagram

• Gantt chart

• Value stream mapping

• SWOT analysis

Answer explanation

Value stream mapping is a Lean management tool used to visualize and analyze the flow of materials and information. It helps identify waste and improve processes, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

In Six Sigma, what does the 'C' in DMAIC stand for?

• Control

• Calculate

• Correct

• Communicate

Answer explanation

In Six Sigma, DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. The 'C' specifically refers to 'Control', which is crucial for maintaining improvements and ensuring processes remain stable.

Kaizen encourages:

• Top-down management

• Employee involvement

• Outsourcing

• High turnover rates

Answer explanation

Kaizen emphasizes continuous improvement through the active participation of all employees. This approach fosters a culture of collaboration and empowerment, making 'Employee involvement' the correct choice.

Which of the following is NOT a principle of Total Quality Management?

• Customer focus

• Process approach

• Isolation of departments

• Continuous improvement

Answer explanation

Isolation of departments is NOT a principle of Total Quality Management. TQM emphasizes collaboration and integration across departments to enhance quality and efficiency, unlike isolation which hinders communication.

Lean management originated from which country's manufacturing practices?

• United States

• Germany

• Japan

• China

Answer explanation

Lean management originated from Japan, specifically from the Toyota Production System, which emphasizes efficiency and waste reduction in manufacturing practices.

What is the main goal of Six Sigma?

• Increase production speed

• Reduce defects

• Increase employee numbers

• Maximise inventory

Answer explanation

The main goal of Six Sigma is to reduce defects in processes, aiming for near perfection in quality. This focus on minimizing errors leads to improved efficiency and customer satisfaction.