5.4 & 5.5 Innovation and Design

What are the three key roles in invention and innovation?

• Inventor, marketer, and engineer

• Inventor, entrepreneur, and product champion

• Designer, entrepreneur, and technologist

• Scientist, researcher, and innovator

What is the role of a product champion?

• To secure patents for inventions

• To promote and drive a product to market

• To design the technical aspects of a product

• To finance and fund product development

Why do governments promote knowledge transfer?

• To reduce the cost of physical labor

• To foster innovation and collaboration across boundaries

• To limit industrial secrecy

• To increase product obsolescence

What is a key challenge in working with multidisciplinary teams?

• Excessive reliance on individual contributions

• Miscommunication and differences in working styles

• Limited perspectives on design challenges

• Increased operational costs

What are the stages of the product life cycle?

• Development, launch, growth, maturity, decline

• Idea generation, prototyping, manufacturing, distribution, obsolescence

• Research, testing, marketing, selling, replacement

• Planning, design, production, usage, disposal

At which stage of the product life cycle is pricing likely to be reduced?

• Development

• Growth

• Maturity

• Decline

What is planned obsolescence?

• Designing products with limited lifespans to encourage replacement

• Creating products that are completely biodegradable

• Developing repairable and sustainable products

• Eliminating outdated product designs

What is the circular economy based on?

• A take-make-dispose pattern

• Designing out waste and reusing resources

• Increasing product consumption through planned obsolescence

• Encouraging single-use materials

How does the circular economy differ from the linear economy?

• It encourages the use of non-renewable energy

• It focuses on eliminating waste at the design stage

• It discourages product reuse

• It depends entirely on consumer habits

What does the cascading effect in the circular economy involve?

• Reducing product longevity

• Extracting additional value from materials through multiple uses

• Designing non-renewable systems

• Encouraging overproduction