Review Cell Cycle (B.6A)

DNA has to be synthesized (replicated) before entering into mitosis. The section of this graph that depicts when DNA is synthesized is the ​ (a)   . Right before mitosis, the cell will go through the (b)   , attempting to correct any errors in DNA. In this phase and ​ (c)   the majority of cell growth and preparation occurs.

• S-phase
• G1 phase
• M phase
• G2 phase

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The diagram below represents the cell cycle.

Click on the part of the diagram that represents the period when the cell is actively dividing and becoming two cells.

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The diagram below represents the cell cycle.

Click on the part of the diagram below that represents the lengthy period in which the cell grows, duplicates the DNA, and prepares for the process of cell division.

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Which of the following statements describe parts of interphase within the cell cycle?

Choose TWO correct answers.

• During this stage, the cell grows and copies organelles.

• During this stage, the cell actively separates into two cells, ending with cytokinesis.

• During this stage, the cell copies its DNA within the nucleus.

• During this stage, the chromosomes align along the center of the cell.

• During this stage, one parent cell becomes 4 daughter cells, each with different DNA combinations.

Match the following terms to its description or examples -

• Cancer

• Programmed cell death - a natural process that occurs when cells in the body die in a controlled manner

• Apoptosis

• An abnormal mass of tissue that forms when cells grow and divide too much or don't die when they should.

• Tumor

• Proteins in eukaryotic cells that drive the events of the cell cycle.

• Causes of cancer

• A disease that may occur when a cell's cycle is disrupted and cells divide uncontrollably, spreading into surrounding tissues.

• Cyclins

• Environmental factors like exposure to carcinogens (chemicals, radiation, tobacco), inherited genetic changes, UV light, processed foods or errors that occur during cell division.

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Match the following terms and description associated with the cell cycle -

• Prophase

• the final stage of mitosis (cell division), where the separated chromosomes reach opposite poles of the cell, a new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, and the cell essentially prepares to split into two separate daughter cells

• Anaphase

• The first stage of cell division (mitosis) where the chromosomes condense into an X-shaped structure

• Interphase

• A stage of cell division, or mitosis, where chromosomes condense and align in the middle of a dividing cell

• Metaphase

• the stage of cell division when replicated chromosomes are separated and moved to opposite ends of the cell

• Telophase

• The period of the cell cycle when a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division

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Match the following terms and description associated with the cell cycle -

• G2 phase

• The first phase in the cell cycle, known as the growth 1 phase. Cells grow and take in nutrients.

• G1 phase

• The stage of the cell cycle where DNA replication occurs

• Cytokinesis

• The process by which a single cell physically divides into two daughter cells, essentially splitting the cytoplasm of the parent cell to create two separate cells, and occurs as the final stage of the cell division cycle

• S phase

• The third sub-phase of interphase where cells continue to grow and synthesize proteins and organelles prepare for mitosis. 

• G0 phase

• A resting state of a cell that occurs outside of the cell cycle

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Match the following term with its diagram associated with the cell cycle -

• Interphase

• 
• Anaphase

• 
• Prophase

• 
• Metaphase

• 
• Telophase

• 

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Which structure is responsible for making spindle fibers and moving chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell?

• centrioles

• chromosomes

• centromere

• nuclear envelope

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The diagram shows the major stages of the cell cycle and the percentage of time spent in each phase.

Which statement describes why a cell spends the majority of its time intterphase?

• The cell is growing and carrying out processes such as metabolism and DNA replication.

• The cell is aging and processes are stopping as lysosomes clear dead cell matter away.

• The cell needs time to synthesize spindle fibers to complete mitosis.

• The cell needs time to complete cytokinesis.

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