IB Biology D2.2 Gene Expression

What is the primary outcome of gene expression?

• DNA replication

• Protein production

• RNA synthesis

• Chromosome formation

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Which stage of gene expression involves converting mRNA into a protein?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Methylation

How does methylation of the promoter affect gene expression?

• Activates transcription

• Represses transcription

• Increases mRNA stability

• Enhances translation

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What happens to mRNA when it is degraded by nucleases?

• It is recycled into proteins.

• It is broken into amino acids.

• It is broken into nucleotides.

• It is used for replication.

Which example demonstrates environmental effects on gene expression?

• Transcription factors binding to promoters

• Alteration of methyl tags due to air pollution

• Translation of mRNA into proteins

• DNA replication errors causing mutations

What is a transcriptome?

• All the DNA sequences in a cell

• All the RNA molecules expressed in a cell

• All the proteins in a cell

• All the epigenetic tags in a cell

What is an enhancer?

• A protein that represses transcription

• A DNA sequence that increases transcription

• A type of mRNA degradation enzyme

• A methylation site on histones

What is epigenesis?

• A mutation in the DNA sequence

• Development of differentiation patterns in multicellular organisms

• The process of transcription and translation

• Repression of gene expression due to mutations

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What is an epigenetic tag?

• A sequence of DNA mutations

• A chemical modification like methylation that alters gene expression

• An RNA molecule that inhibits transcription

• A promoter sequence enhancing transcription

What is the proteome of a cell?

• The full set of proteins expressed in a cell

• The entire genome of a cell

• The transcriptome of all expressed genes

• The methylation pattern in a cell