In which location would you most likely find volcanoes?

d. along mid-ocean ridges and where a plate is subducted

c. where two continental plates collide

How can plate tectonics cause volcanic eruptions?

a. When two plates pull apart, the crust fractures and releases magma.

b. When an oceanic plate is subducted under a continental plate, rock melts, and magma rises upward.

c. When two oceanic plates collide, the denser crust is pushed down, rock melts, and magma rises upward.

The Ogallala aquifer, or High Plains aquifer, located in the central United States is one of the largest aquifers in the world. It is shown in blue in the picture. Scientists estimate that the formation of the Ogallala aquifer began several geologic epochs ago, when the Rocky Mountains were still tectonically active. Over time, sediment from the Rocky Mountains eroded and was deposited over rivers and valleys on the eastern side of the mountains, eventually covering them and trapping water below the surface to form the aquifer. Today the Ogallala aquifer is a very important source of fresh water, supplying about 30% of the total ground water used for irrigation in the United States. The Ogallala aquifer also provides drinking water to many people who live in the central United States. Based on the information above, which of the following is true?

Past geologic processes impact the present-day location of resources on Earth.

Geologic processes that occur in modern times did not occur earlier in Earth's history.

Geologic processes have very little impact on the distribution of resources on Earth.

Past geologic processes have resulted in an even distribution of resources on Earth.

Tectonic processes effect the formation and locations of various natural resources. such as fossil fuels, minerals, and groundwater. Explain the connection between tectonic processes and groundwater, minerals, and fossil fuels. (Select 3.)

Heat and pressure at plate boundaries can result in mineral deposits.

Extreme temperatures and immense pressure underground can convert decayed organic matter into fossil fuels.

Basins formed by tectonic forces collect water which can form aquifers.

Humans can deplete and empty aquifers via excessive water use from wells.

The intense heat and pressure at plate boundaries often results in the formation of minerals. One commonly used mineral, copper, is frequently found in deposits in subduction zones. Locate the subduction zones on the map. Which of the following plate boundaries would most likely have copper concentrations? Select 2.

South American Plate colliding with the Nazca Plate

Pacific Plate colliding with Eurasian Plate

Pacific Plate sliding past the North American Plate

Great Rift Valley in Africa were plates are splitting apart.

When geologists search for aquifers, mineral lodes, and/or fossil fuel deposits, they use their knowledge of tectonic processes to help them locate these underground natural resources. What pair of cause and effect statements shown below best demonstrates a connection between tectonic plate movement, and the amount of groundwater in a region?

Cause: A continent is moved to the equator in the middle of an ocean. Effect: Frequent rainfall on the continent results in large amounts of groundwater.

Cause: Convection currents move tectonic plates around the globe. Effect: Sometimes plates collide, and this forms a convergent boundary.

Cause: Great quantities of water evaporate from the oceans every day. Effect: This water eventually falls back to the surface as rainfall.

Tectonic plates are large pieces of the Earth’s crust that are constantly in motion. The edges where the plates meet are called plate boundaries. Using the map above, where would you expect to have a higher propensity for earthquake and volcanic activity? Select 3.

At the Eurasian Plate and Pacific Plate boundary.

At the Indo-Australian and Pacific Plate boundary.

At the Nazca Plate boundary and the South American Plate Boundary.

At the African plate and South American Plate boundary.

Surtsey is a volcanic island that first appeared above the surface of the Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of Iceland in 1963. The island appeared where no land had been previously located and has been intently studied by geologists. What phenomena would explain how Surtsey was formed along a divergent boundary?

As the Mid-Atlantic Ridge spread apart, magma flowed upward to the ocean floor. and solidified. Over time, layer after layer of new rock was built up high enough to the point where the island appeared about sea level.

Surtsey was formed in a similar fashion to the Hawaiian islands. As the tectonic plate moved, a hotspot was created at a weak spot in the crust which allowed magma to flow through to the ocean floor. Eventually this built up rock layers to form this island.

Surtsey was created as a result of plate interactions along the Ring of Fire in the Pacific ocean. Due to ongoing tectonic processes along this geologically active arc, many volcanic islands have been formed in this area over time.

The map shows some of the tectonic plates that form Earth’s surface, and four areas labeled W, X, Y, and Z. In which area is an earthquake most likely to occur, and why?

Area X; because it is located on the boundary between two tectonic plates

Area W; because it is located in the middle of a continental land mass

Area Y; because it is located in the middle of an ocean

Area Z; because it is located on the edge of a continental land mass

What is the best explanation for why oceanic crust is subducted by continental crust?

Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.

The oceanic crust is cooler than continental crust.

Continental crust is denser than oceanic crust.

The oceanic crust is hotter than continental crust.

Where do volcanoes come from?

Places where plates are moving together

A subduction zone is formed...

when one tectonic plate sinks below another

at every type of convergent plate boundary

at every type of divergent plate boundary

Side to side (horizontal) on the map

Up and down (vertical) on the map

Side to side (Horizontal) on the map

Most earthquakes happen ______.

in areas where earthquakes have occurred in the past

Active volcanoes are most likely to form at ______.

convergent oceanic-continental boundaries

8.ESS3.2

Authored by Alexis Craft

Science

8th Grade

NGSS covered

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Vibrations caused when stress makes rocks pass their elastic limit.

epicenter

Earthquake

strike-slip

surface wave

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The fault where forces are pulling apart.

Strike-slip

Reverse

Normal

divergent

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The fault where forces are pulling apart.

Strike-slip

Reverse

Normal

divergent

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The fault where forces are pulling apart.

Strike-slip

Reverse

Normal

divergent

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

The map shows the Ring of Fire surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
Which of the following factors contributes to this area being so active?

a. Several tectonic plates are converging.

b. The tectonic plates are spreading further apart.

c. The tectonic plates are regenerating to form new crust.

d. Heat generated by the tectonic plates melts the oceanic crust.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

Changes to the Earth’s surface and underwater can take place slowly or violently when they occur. What is the relationship between mountain building, volcanoes, and earthquakes?

a. They mostly occur in the oceans and in the center of plates at land boundaries because of convection currents.

b. They mostly occur at plate boundaries and are generated from eruptions that occur on land due to convection currents.

c. They mostly occur in the oceans and change the sea floor by spreading apart to make new rock.

d. They mostly occur at plate boundaries and are generated by plate motions from convection currents.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Where is there a high risk of an earthquake occurring?

a. Where two plates slide past one another

b. Where two plates collide and form mountains

c. Where two plates collide, and one is subducted

d. All of the above

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

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8.ESS3.2

Vibrations caused when stress makes rocks pass their elastic limit.

The fault where forces are pulling apart.

The fault where forces are pulling apart.

The fault where forces are pulling apart.

The map shows the Ring of Fire surrounding the Pacific Ocean.Which of the following factors contributes to this area being so active?

Changes to the Earth’s surface and underwater can take place slowly or violently when they occur. What is the relationship between mountain building, volcanoes, and earthquakes?

Where is there a high risk of an earthquake occurring?

In which location would you most likely find volcanoes?

How can plate tectonics cause volcanic eruptions?

Johanna was interested in volcanology and studied various types of volcanoes and where they form. Hawaii, for example, is a volcanic island chain. Which best describes the location of the Hawaiian Islands?

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The map shows the Ring of Fire surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
Which of the following factors contributes to this area being so active?