IR T2 Q2

What is the primary challenge in studying international relations?

• The lack of real-world applicability.

• The absence of concrete solutions to problems.

• The existence of too many competing perspectives and answers.

• The dominance of one universal perspective.

According to the text, what do different perspectives in international relations include?

• Historical analysis only.

• An analytical component and a prescriptive element.

• Prescriptions for domestic governance.

• A rejection of philosophical traditions.

What is the main foundation of realism in international relations?

• Marxist ideology.

• Conservative social and political philosophy.

• Liberal social progressivism.

• Constructivist theories of cooperation.

How does conservatism view human nature?

• As inherently rational and progressive.

• As a mixture of good and bad, with flaws that cannot be eliminated.

• As perfectible through education and reform.

• As solely driven by self-interest.

Which of the following best explains 'group identity' in conservative thought?

• It fosters global harmony.

• It provides a sense of belonging through inclusion and exclusion.

• It is based on individual rationality and independence.

• It is unrelated to social conflict.

What is 'collective or group egoism'?

• The belief that all groups are equal in status and value.

• The tendency for groups to see themselves as superior to others.

• The effort to reduce social conflict among groups.

• The idea that individuals are more important than their social groups.

What is the third critical element of conservatism?

• A belief in the harmony of interests.

• A belief in the inevitability of social conflict.

• The rejection of group identity.

• The pursuit of global cooperation.

According to conservatism, why is social conflict inevitable?

• Due to humanity's inherent rationality.

• Because of the scarcity of resources and competing interests.

• Due to the existence of international anarchy.

• Because of technological advancements.

What is one irrational basis of social conflict identified in conservative thought?

• Technological inequality.

• Economic disparity.

• Collective or group egoism.

• Lack of education.

What does Reinhold Niebuhr identify as a cause of social conflict?

• Economic systems.

• The persistence of irrational egoism in group behavior.

• The absence of a world government.

• The dominance of ethical reasoning.