Cell Structure and Biochemistry review (B.5ABCD)

Front

What is the theory that explains how organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells originated from free-living prokaryotes?

Back

Endosymbiosis

Front

Define osmosis.

Back

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Front

What is hydrolysis?

Back

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound, typically involving the splitting of a bond.

Front

Define endocytosis.

Back

Endocytosis is the process by which cells internalize substances from their external environment by engulfing them in a membrane.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Back

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as they produce ATP through cellular respiration.

Front

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Back

Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Front

Define prokaryotic cells.

Back

Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

Front

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

Back

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Front

What is the cell membrane's primary function?

Back

The cell membrane regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Front

Define diffusion.

Back

Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.