Learning Unit 3B

Which of the following best describes the behavioral perspective in psychology?

• Emphasis on unconscious processes

• Focus on mental processes such as memory and perception

• Emphasis on observable behavior and its relationship to the environment

• Focus on genetic influences on behavior

What is the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus to produce a conditioned response?

• Operant conditioning

• Classical conditioning

• Social learning

• Observational learning

The initial stage of learning when a response is first acquired is known as:

• Spontaneous recovery

• Acquisition

• Extinction

• Generalization

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that naturally triggers a response without prior conditioning is called:

• Conditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Conditioned response

• Neutral stimulus

Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned response (UR)?

• Salivating when smelling food

• Fear of a bell

• A dog sitting after being commanded

• A child crying when given a timeout

When Rohan hears the sound of a bell, he starts to feel hungry because he associates it with lunch time. This learned response to the sound of the bell is called:

• Conditioned stimulus

• Unconditioned stimulus

• Conditioned response

• Unconditioned response

When a conditioned response diminishes and eventually disappears after the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, this is called:

• Extinction

• Spontaneous recovery

• Generalization

• Shaping

The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus is called:

• Extinction

• Spontaneous recovery

• Acquisition

• Generalization

Avery's dog starts salivating when she hears a bell because it usually means food is coming. Now, the dog also salivates when she hears a similar-sounding chime. This is an example of:

• Generalization

• Discrimination

• Higher-order conditioning

• Acquisition

Mia has trained her dog to sit when she says 'sit' and gives it a treat. The ability of the dog to sit only when Mia says 'sit' and not when other people say different words is known as:

• Generalization

• Discrimination

• Extinction

• Spontaneous recovery