PS Sem. 1 Final Exam Review

What does the atomic number of an element represent in its atomic structure?

• The total count of neutrons located in the nucleus

• The combined sum of protons and neutrons within the atom

• The number of protons present in the nucleus of the atom

• The quantity of electrons found in the outermost energy level

Which of the following statements most accurately describes what an isotope of an element is?

• Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

• Atoms of different elements that happen to have the same number of neutrons in their nuclei

• Atoms that have undergone a process of losing or gaining electrons, changing their charge

• Atoms of the same element with different atomic numbers but identical atomic masses

In a neutral atom of the element chlorine, how many valence electrons are present in its outermost shell?

• 5 valence electrons are in the outermost shell

• 7 valence electrons are in the outermost shell

• 17 valence electrons are in the outermost shell

• 3 valence electrons are in the outermost shell

Elements belonging to which group of the periodic table are most likely to form anions with a single negative charge (1-)?

• Group 1 elements, commonly known as the Alkali metals

• Group 2 elements, often referred to as the Alkaline earth metals

• Group 17 elements, typically called the Halogens

• Group 18 elements, known as the Noble gases or Inert gases

On the modern periodic table, where are the elements classified as metalloids typically located?

• They are predominantly found on the left side of the table

• They are primarily positioned on the right side of the table

• They form a diagonal line that separates the metals from the nonmetals

• They are centrally located in the middle section of the table

Among the following elements, which one is most likely to exist in a gaseous state at standard room temperature and pressure?

• Sodium (Na), an alkali metal

• Bromine (Br), a halogen

• Neon (Ne), a noble gas

• Aluminum (Al), a post-transition metal

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Based on periodic trends and the element's position in the periodic table, which of the following elements would you predict to have chemical properties most similar to calcium?

• Potassium (K), which is in the same period but a different group

• Magnesium (Mg), which is in the same group but the period above

• Strontium (Sr), which is directly below calcium in the same group

• Argon (Ar), which is in the same period but a noble gas

Match the following groups with the type of ion they are most likely to form:

• Group 2 elements

• A. A cation with a positive charge of 1 (1+)

• Group 1 elements

• B. An anion with a negative charge of 2 (2-)

• Group 17 elements

• D. A cation with a positive charge of 2 (2+)

• Group 16 elements

• C. An anion with a negative charge of 1 (1-)

Among the following elements, which one would you expect to have the highest electronegativity based on its position in the periodic table?

• Sodium (Na), an alkali metal

• Chlorine (Cl), a halogen

• Magnesium (Mg), an alkaline earth metal

• Potassium (K), an alkali metal

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-1

In the chemical formula NaCl (sodium chloride or table salt), what is the oxidation number assigned to the chlorine atom?

• An oxidation number of positive one (+1)

• An oxidation number of negative one (-1)

• An oxidation number of zero (0)

• An oxidation number of positive two (+2)