AP Chemistry Unit 1-3 Quick Flashcard

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They determine the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.

Front

Which substance has the weakest intermolecular forces?

Back

Generally, nonpolar molecules like CH4 (methane) have weaker intermolecular forces compared to polar molecules or ionic compounds.

Front

What is the significance of boiling point in relation to intermolecular forces?

Back

The boiling point of a substance is an indicator of the strength of its intermolecular forces; higher boiling points typically indicate stronger intermolecular forces.

Front

What type of intermolecular force is present in HCl?

Back

HCl exhibits dipole-dipole interactions due to the polar nature of the molecule.

Front

What is a sigma bond?

Back

A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond formed by the direct overlap of atomic orbitals, allowing for free rotation around the bond axis.

Front

What is a pi bond?

Back

A pi bond is a type of covalent bond formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals, which restricts rotation around the bond axis.

Front

How many sigma and pi bonds are in a double bond?

Back

A double bond consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond.

Front

What is the role of electronegativity in determining bond type?

Back

Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond; differences in electronegativity between atoms can determine whether a bond is ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.

Front

What is the definition of a polar molecule?

Back

A polar molecule is a molecule that has a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds and an asymmetrical shape.

Front

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

Back

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.