10 Energy Questions 391

 What is the energy source for each of the following nonrenewable and renewable energy types used to generate electricity for human use, listed in the same order as the energy type?

 Nonrenewable & Renewable Energy Types:

 Hydroelectric- Nuclear- Fossil Fuel- Geothermal - Solar

• Heat from beneath Earth’s surface- Coal- Moving Water- Soil- Sun

• Soil- Uranium- Wind- Volcanoes- Heat from beneath Earth’s surface

• Moving Water- Uranium- Coal- Heat from beneath Earth’s surface- Sun

• Moving Water- Sun- Heat from beneath Earth’s surface- Sun- Uranium 

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Moving Water- Uranium- Coal- Heat from beneath Earth’s surface- Sun'. Each energy type corresponds to its source: Hydroelectric uses moving water, Nuclear uses uranium, Fossil Fuel uses coal, Geothermal uses heat from beneath Earth, and Solar uses the sun.

Which of the following scenarios would have the greatest chance of forming fossil fuels?

• a worm that lives and dies in a dry climate

• a small rat that lives and dies in a barn

• an aquatic organism that lives and dies in a small pond

• an animal that lives and dies at the top of a rocky cliff

Answer explanation

Fossil fuels form from organic matter that is buried and subjected to heat and pressure over time. Aquatic organisms in ponds are more likely to be buried in sediment, increasing their chances of fossilization compared to the other options.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-1

 A solar panel is mounted on top of a toy car and connected to a small motor that propels the car forward. Which of the following energy transformations takes place when the car is moving?

• electrical energy to light energy

• light energy to mechanical energy

• chemical energy to mechanical energy

• mechanical energy to electrical energy

Answer explanation

The solar panel converts light energy from the sun into electrical energy, which then powers the motor. As the car moves, this process represents the transformation of light energy into mechanical energy, making 'light energy to mechanical energy' the correct choice.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

During a unit on weather, a teacher uses two ice cubes for a demonstration of heat transfer. The teacher places each ice cube in a glass jar with a lid. They put one jar near a room heater and the second jar far from the heater. The teacher asks the students to compare the rates at which the two ice cubes melt. Which of the following is the teacher most likely demonstrating with the heater?

• conduction

• convection

• radiation

• freezing

Answer explanation

The teacher is demonstrating radiation, as the heat from the heater travels through the air and warms the ice cube in the jar nearby, causing it to melt faster than the one further away.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-3

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

A system has 45 J of kinetic energy and 15 J of potential energy. What is the mechanical energy of the system?

• 15 J

• 45 J

• 30 J

• 60 J

Answer explanation

Mechanical energy is the sum of kinetic and potential energy. Here, 45 J (kinetic) + 15 J (potential) = 60 J. Therefore, the mechanical energy of the system is 60 J.

Compared with the thermal energy and temperature of a baked potato just out of the oven, an olympic-sized swimming pool has:

• a greater thermal energy but a lower temperature.

• a lower thermal energy and a lower temperature.

• a lower thermal energy but a higher temperature.

• a greater thermal energy and a higher temperature.

Answer explanation

An Olympic-sized swimming pool contains a vast amount of water, giving it greater thermal energy than a baked potato, which is smaller and has a higher temperature. Thus, the pool has greater thermal energy but a lower temperature.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4