cognition without memory

What is the process called that begins with sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information?

• Top-down processing

• Bottom-up processing

• Selective attention

• Gestalt psychology

Which type of processing is guided by higher-level mental processes, drawing on experience and expectations?

• Bottom-up processing

• Schema

• Top-down processing

• Closure

What is a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information?

• Perceptual set

• Schema

• Proximity

• Similarity

What term describes a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another?

• Gestalt psychology

• Perceptual set

• Attention

• Inattentional blindness

Which psychological approach emphasizes perceiving the whole rather than the sum of the parts?

• Closure

• Figure and ground

• Gestalt psychology

• Cocktail party effect

What is the tendency to complete figures that are incomplete?

• Closure

• Proximity

• Similarity

• Schema

What term describes the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings?

• Proximity

• Figure and ground

• Selective attention

• Inattentional blindness

What describes the way relationships are formed between things close to one another?

• Similarity

• Proximity

• Closure

• Attention

What is the tendency to perceive things that look similar as being part of the same group?

• Proximity

• Similarity

• Schema

• Closure

What is the ability to focus on only one stimulus from among all sensory input?

• Inattentional blindness

• Selective attention

• Cocktail party effect

• Perceptual set