What is the primary focus of educational psychology?

• The development of educational policies

• The study of historical events

• The scientific study of psychology in education

• The application of mathematics in teaching

Which of the following is NOT a focus area of educational psychology?

• Effective atmosphere for learning

• Curriculum design

• Learner characteristics

• Evaluation

Who established the first major educational laboratory?

• Burrus F. Skinner

• Edward Thorndike

• John Dewey

• William James

What does the term 'pedagogical content knowledge' refer to?

• Knowledge of educational policies

• Knowledge of student behavior

• Understanding how to represent topics for learners

• Knowledge of classroom management

Which research method involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting?

• Experimental research

• Survey study

• Descriptive research

• Case study

What is the purpose of experimental research?

• To collect qualitative data

• To analyze historical trends

• To describe behavior

• To establish cause and effect relationships

Which psychologist is known for the concept of programmed learning?

• Leta Hollingworth

• Burrus F. Skinner

• Benjamin Bloom

• Edward Thorndike

What is a key characteristic of effective teaching?

• Strict adherence to textbooks

• Flexibility in teaching strategies

• Avoiding student interaction

• Focusing solely on assessments

Which of the following is a type of descriptive research?

• Experimental research

• Survey study

• Correlation research

• Quasi-experimental research

What does the term 'learner diversity' refer to?

• The similarities in student abilities

• The uniformity of student learning styles

• The standardization of teaching methods

• The differences in student backgrounds and experiences