Where smart cities were once regarded purely as a vision of the future, they are now becoming a reality in numerous urban centres across the globe. From Dubai, Singapore, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, and Madrid to Southampton in the UK, we’re already beginning to see smart cities provide inhabitants with improved living conditions, easier mobility and cleaner, safer environments, by using cloud computing to power services. But as with all public sector initiatives, smart city services need to be delivered as cost effectively as possible to minimise the taxpayer burden. Often, key decision makers are met with obstacles when it comes to deploying smart services, preventing smart cities initiatives from reaching their full potential – or worse, blocking them altogether. Central to the functioning of most ‘normal’ city ecosystems is the underlying data they run on. Regardless as to whether that data is stored on local servers or using cloud storage, when that data is fragmented or incomplete, identifying emerging trends for strategic planning and cost reduction becomes extremely difficult – and because of this, authorities have to adopt an entirely reactive approach. Conversely, in a smart city environment, connected sensors forming an Internet of Things (IoT) provide valuable data for analysis and, in turn, insight into the specific city’s behavioural trends. With this level of information, services can be optimised to reduce costs and risk, increase urban flows and manage assets. Importantly, they can also provide real-time connections and interactions between the city’s businesses, local governments, service providers and citizens. In this way, operations and services are elevated through the integration and connection of physical devices via IoT networks, ultimately transforming how a city runs. According to paragraph 1, which statement is correct about the current situation for smart cities?

There still exist many challenges for the institution and development of smart cities.

The already successful smart city in the world were the works of policy-makers.

. Dubai, Amsterdam and Hampton are among the cities advancing the title of “smart”.

Smart cities promise technological convenience so high service fees are not a problem.

Where smart cities were once regarded purely as a vision of the future, they are now becoming a reality in numerous urban centres across the globe. From Dubai, Singapore, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, and Madrid to Southampton in the UK, we’re already beginning to see smart cities provide inhabitants with improved living conditions, easier mobility and cleaner, safer environments, by using cloud computing to power services. But as with all public sector initiatives, smart city services need to be delivered as cost effectively as possible to minimise the taxpayer burden. Often, key decision makers are met with obstacles when it comes to deploying smart services, preventing smart cities initiatives from reaching their full potential – or worse, blocking them altogether. Central to the functioning of most ‘normal’ city ecosystems is the underlying data they run on. Regardless as to whether that data is stored on local servers or using cloud storage, when that data is fragmented or incomplete, identifying emerging trends for strategic planning and cost reduction becomes extremely difficult – and because of this, authorities have to adopt an entirely reactive approach. Conversely, in a smart city environment, connected sensors forming an Internet of Things (IoT) provide valuable data for analysis and, in turn, insight into the specific city’s behavioural trends. With this level of information, services can be optimised to reduce costs and risk, increase urban flows and manage assets. Importantly, they can also provide real-time connections and interactions between the city’s businesses, local governments, service providers and citizens. In this way, operations and services are elevated through the integration and connection of physical devices via IoT networks, ultimately transforming how a city runs. According to paragraph 2, what is the matter that the author want to emphasise?

The importance of data network.

The caliber of artificial intelligence.

Human’s urge to share information.

The possibilities of tech disasters.

Where smart cities were once regarded purely as a vision of the future, they are now becoming a reality in numerous urban centres across the globe. From Dubai, Singapore, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, and Madrid to Southampton in the UK, we’re already beginning to see smart cities provide inhabitants with improved living conditions, easier mobility and cleaner, safer environments, by using cloud computing to power services. But as with all public sector initiatives, smart city services need to be delivered as cost effectively as possible to minimise the taxpayer burden. Often, key decision makers are met with obstacles when it comes to deploying smart services, preventing smart cities initiatives from reaching their full potential – or worse, blocking them altogether. Central to the functioning of most ‘normal’ city ecosystems is the underlying data they run on. Regardless as to whether that data is stored on local servers or using cloud storage, when that data is fragmented or incomplete, identifying emerging trends for strategic planning and cost reduction becomes extremely difficult – and because of this, authorities have to adopt an entirely reactive approach. Conversely, in a smart city environment, connected sensors forming an Internet of Things (IoT) provide valuable data for analysis and, in turn, insight into the specific city’s behavioural trends. With this level of information, services can be optimised to reduce costs and risk, increase urban flows and manage assets. Importantly, they can also provide real-time connections and interactions between the city’s businesses, local governments, service providers and citizens. In this way, operations and services are elevated through the integration and connection of physical devices via IoT networks, ultimately transforming how a city runs. What happened in the period of 1997-1998?

The Asian financial crisis took place.

The Singaporean government promoted higher-value-added activities.

Singapore made an impressive recovery.

The Singaporean government opened up financial services.

Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature. Though this warming trend has been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly increased in the last hundred years due to the burning of fossil fuels. As the human population has increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in Earth’s atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is when the sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space. Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapour, methane, and nitrous oxide. The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise overtime, otherwise known as global warming. Global warming has presented another issue called climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used interchangeably, however, they are different. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting ice sheets and glaciers. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on Earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. Scientists continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A Brief Introduction to Global Warming

The Effects of Global Warming on Earth’s Climate

The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming

The Link between Fossil Fuels and Global Warming

Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature. Though this warming trend has been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly increased in the last hundred years due to the burning of fossil fuels. As the human population has increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in Earth’s atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is when the sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space. Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapour, methane, and nitrous oxide. The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise overtime, otherwise known as global warming. Global warming has presented another issue called climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used interchangeably, however, they are different. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around the world. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting ice sheets and glaciers. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on Earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. Scientists continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth. . Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

Global warming is the reflection of heat off the Earth’s surface.

Global warming and climate change are two interchangeable terms with different meanings.

Flooding and extreme weather are potential consequences of climate change.

Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that are responsible for trapping heat in the atmosphere.

REVISION -11

Authored by Giáp Hoa

English

11th Grade

Used 5+ times

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infrastructure

current

volunteer

culture

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stopped

finished

expected

faced

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invented

picked

eliminated

decided

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prediction

government

discussion

pollution

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success

athlete

region

charter

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

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The project aims to improve the city’s old _______ by creating more pedestrian zones and cycle paths.

block

building

apartment

infrastructure

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My city was ranked as the most ______ city in the country thanks to its excellent facilities and clean air.

life

living

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lives

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REVISION -11

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.

Choose the word which has different stress position from the others in each question.

Choose the word which has different stress position from the others in each question

The project aims to improve the city’s old _______ by creating more pedestrian zones and cycle paths.

My city was ranked as the most ______ city in the country thanks to its excellent facilities and clean air.

I haven’t met her again since we _________ school 20 years ago.

You _________ copy during exams because that is illegal.

_______by the visitor, the clavichord could not be used.

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