Weathering

What is freeze thaw weathering and how does it occur?

• Wind erosion breaks rocks into smaller pieces.

• Water evaporates in rock cracks, causing erosion.

• Water freezes in rock cracks, expands, and then thaws, leading to rock fragmentation.

• Rocks melt in high temperatures, leading to fragmentation.

In freeze thaw action when the ice freezes it expands by _%

In freeze thaw action the rock that breaks away from the mountain is known as ______

Freeze thaw action is a form of chemical weathering

• True

• False

Carbonation is a form of chemical weathering

• True

• False

Carbonation occurs when ​ (a)   mixes with ​ (b)   to form a ​ (c)   . This acid reacts with the ​ (d)   in the limestone to form ​ (e)   which dissolves the limestone

• carbon dioxide
• rainwater
• weak carbonic acid
• calcium carbonate
• calcium bicarbonate

Freeze occurs in ​ (a)   . Rain seeps into the ​ (b)   in rocks. By night the water ​ (c)   and expands by ​ (d)   %. ​ After thawing the process repeats. The rock breaks away due to ​ (e)   and this is called scree.

• upland areas.
• cracks
• freezes
• 9
• pressure

Label the diagram

a

b

c

Swallow hole 

Karren 

Pillar

Stalagmite

Grike 

Clint

Stalactite

Label the features of a limestone pavement

a

b

c

Karren

Clint

Stalactite 

Stalagmite 

Grike

Swallow hole 

Organise the karst features into the correct category

Groups:

(a) Underground karst features

,

(b) Surface karst features

• Clint

• Karren

• Grike

• Stalagmite

• Pillar

• Stalactite

• Swallow hole

• Cave