Interference

What is interference in the context of memory?

• The process of storing new information

• When two pieces of information disrupt each other, resulting in forgetting

• The enhancement of memory recall

• The permanent storage of information

What are the two types of interference recognised by psychologists?

• Proactive interference and Retroactive interference

• Active interference and Passive interference

• Direct interference and Indirect interference

• Positive interference and Negative interference

What is proactive interference?

• When a newer memory interferes with an older one

• When an older memory interferes with a newer one

• When memories are easily recalled

• When no interference occurs between memories

What is retroactive interference?

• When new information interferes with the recall of old information.

• When old information interferes with the recall of new information.

• When both old and new information are recalled equally.

• When no interference occurs between old and new information.

Which trigrams were found to be recalled the best in Keppel and Underwood's study?

• First trigrams

• Second trigrams

• All of the trigrams

• None of the trigrams

Why did Keppel and Underwood conclude that proactive interference occurred?

• Because participants could not recall any of the trigrams

• Because earlier trigrams interfered with the memory of newer ones

• Because memory recall improved as the intervals lengthened

• Because the counting task eliminated rehearsal

What was the main focus of the research conducted by Baddeley and Hitch in 1977?

• The effect of sleep on memory recall

• The impact of diet on cognitive function

• How recall was affected by the number of rugby games played

• The influence of music on concentration

What did Baddeley and Hitch (1977) find about recall for the last game?

• It was better if the game was played a long time ago.

• It was worse if the game was played recently.

• It was equally good whether the game was played some time ago or the week before.

• It was better if the game was played the week before.

According to Baddeley and Hitch, what was forgetting due to?

• Time between games.

• Number of games played.

• The difficulty of the games.

• The location of the games.

What concept do the results of Baddeley and Hitch's research support?

• Proactive interference.

• Retroactive interference.

• Semantic memory.

• Episodic memory.